超级军网智商测试（中国组）结果分析——三哥躺枪（龙腾）
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/05/01 04:41:33
地址：http://akarlin.com/2012/08/13/analysis-of-chinas-pisa-2009-results/
注：
PISA测试：国际学生能力评估计划（英文：Programme for International Student Assessment；简写：PISA）是一个由OECD筹划的对全世界15岁学生学习水平的测试计划，最早开始于2000年，每三年进行一次。该计划旨在发展教育方法与成果。是目前世界上最具影响力的国际学生学习评价项目之一。中国和印度2009年开始加入PISA测试国。http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PISA
PISA2009报告全文：
该BLOG主人是个住在英国的俄罗斯人，学识渊博（同时似乎很热衷于智商这个问题），他的BLOG里有好几篇关于中国发展、中国人IQ的分析文章，我将会在未来陆续搬运。
Posted on August 13, 2012
As human capital is so important for prosperity, it behoves us to know China’s in detail to assess whether it will continue converging on developed countries. Until recently the best data we had were disparate IQ tests (on the basis of which Richard Lynn’s latest estimate is an IQ of 105.8 in his 2012 book Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences) as well as PISA international standardized test scores from cities like Shanghai and Hong Kong. However, the problem was that they were hardly nationally representative due to the “cognitive clustering” effect. The Chinese did not allow the OECD to publish data for the rest of the country and this understandably raised further questions about the situation in its interior heartlands, although even in 2010 I was already able to report a PISA representative saying that “even in some of the very poor areas you get performance close to the OECD average.”
人力资源对经济发展非常重要，因此我们有必要知道中国的数据以确定它是否会仍旧是个发展中国家。直到最近，我们手里最好的资料无疑是IQ测试结果（在理查德·林恩教授2012年的最新预测《智力：社会科学的联合工程》中，中国的平均智商为105.8）以及PISA测试在上海和香港这样的城市里取得的结果。遗憾的是，由于“认知聚类”效应（wiki了一下没查出来），它们都不是很典型的中国代表。中国不允许OECD公开它国家其它地区的数据，这就让人对它的内陆地区情况更加心生疑窦，虽然我在2010年的PISA代表上就报告说，“即使在一些非常贫困的地区，中国的表现也接近OECD平均水平。”
As regards Chinese intelligence
关于中国智力水平
Happily (via commentator Jing) we learned that the PISA data for Zhejiang province and the China average had been released on the Chinese Internet. I collated this as well as data for Chinese-majority cities outside China in the table below, while also adding in their PISA-converted IQ scores, the scores of just natives (i.e. minus immigrants), percentage of the Han population, and nominal and PPP GDP per capita.
幸运的是我从中国网上找到了中国其他地区的数据。我同时把中国之外华人聚居的主要城市的数据也放在下面的表格里，并加上他们的PISA成、仅仅包含本地人的PISA成绩、汉族人口比例、以及人均名义购买力GDP。
0
* Twelve provinces including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu totaling 621 schools, 21,003 students. Results have been released for Shanghai, and later on for Zhejiang (59 schools, 1,800 students – of which 80% were township-village schools) and for the 12-province average.
*数据中有包括上海、浙江、北京、天津和江苏的12个省市，一共有621所学校、21003名学生参与了测试。上海的数据首先公开，然后是浙江（59所学校、1800名学生参与——80%来自乡镇地区）的数据和12省份的平均数据。
(1) Academic performance, and the IQ for which it is a good proxy, is very high for a developing nation. Presumably, this gap can largely be ascribed to the legacy of initial historical backwardness coupled with Maoist economics.
（1）对于学术水平，IQ是个很好的体现，中国的数据对于一个发展中国家而言极其之高。我猜测，这和中国历史上的传统以及毛时代经济的遗产有关。
(2) The average PISA-converted IQ of the 12 provinces surveyed in PISA is 103.0. (I do not know if provincial results were appropriately weighed for population when calculating the 12-province average but probably not). We know the identities of five of the 12 tested provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiang
su). They are all very high-income and developed by Chinese standards. Furthermore, these five provinces – with the exception of Tianjin – all perform well above average according to stats from a Chinese online IQ testing website.The provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang also have a reputation in China as gaokao powerhouses.
（2）12个省市的平均PISA成绩为103.0（我知道他们是按照12个省市的人口权重和平均值计算出这个数字的，但也有可能并非如此）。我们知道这12个省份里中的5个（上海，浙江，北京，天津，江苏），它们在中国属于发达、高收入地区，并且这5个省市——除了天津——都在一个中国在线IQ测试网站中高于中国的平均值。其中浙江和江苏在高考中以“高考强省”闻名。
(3) The Chinese average as given by PISA therefore appears to have an upwards bias, as at least a third of the tested provinces – Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing – are at the very top end of the Chinese IQ league charts. As such, the true IQ average for China is likely closer to 101-102.
（3）根据PISA测试结果的中国平均值有偏高的可能。其中至少有三个省份——上海，江苏和浙江，北京——在中国IQ测试表中名列前茅。因此中国真正的IQ平均值可能会徘徊于101-102.
(4) The very high score of Shanghai (111.6) is surely for the most part a reflection of its long status as a magnet of Chinese cognitive elites. This may well be true for Hong Kong (106.9) too although perhaps to a lesser extent. But the IQ of native Taiwanese is 105.1 even though the Han Chinese there are substantially interbred with lower-IQ aborigines. Singapore (107.5) too drew Chinese cognitive elites, and quite consciously too - their immigration policies were (are) de facto cognitively elitist – but on the other hand, this is counteracted by their large, lower-IQ Malay and Indian minorities. Regardless, one cannot escape the conclusion that with the (unexplained) exception of Macau, all developed Han majority regions have IQ’s in the 105-110 range. Likewise with other East Asians, such as native Koreans (106.6) and native Japanese (105.3). This means that there is a 5-10 point IQ gap between developed East Asian regions and the Chinese average.
（4）上海的分数非常高（111.6），必然与它长期以来作为中国人才精英的汇聚所在有关。对于香港而言（106.9），它的影响力可能稍逊一筹。但是台湾当地人的105.1，我甚至觉得可能是因为汉族人与当地人混血的缘故造成了较低的IQ。新加坡（107.5）也吸引了大量中国精英——而且他们的政治体制也是精英主义的——但另
一方面，这个优势被大量更低IQ的马来人和印度少数族裔抵消了。尽管澳门是个不应漏过的特例，大部分汉族发达地区的IQ都在105-110的范围内。在其他东亚地区，如韩国本土人（106.6）以及日本本土人（105.3）。这似乎意味着在中国平均数值和发达的东亚地区之间大概仍有5-10个点的差距（指上文说的中国101左右的平均值）。
(5) The biggest gaps between China and Chinese enclave regions are typically where we can reasonably hypothesize a “cognitive clustering” effect, so minus that the current gap is probably closer to 5 points. This means that China very likely still has the potential to raise its average IQ by c. 5 points via the Flynn Effect.
（5）中国和华人聚居地之间的巨大差距或许我们可以用“认知聚类”解释，那么差距则可以降到5个点左右。这说明中国的平均数值，根据弗林效应，仍有很高将近5个点的增长潜力。
（弗林效应（Flynn effect）指智商测试的结果逐年增加的现象。
弗林效应是以James R. Flynn命名的。最早提出這現象的人是Richard Lynn。在1982年的一期《自然》內，他提出了美國人做智力測驗的成績越來越好。James Flynn在1984年和1987年指出，這個現象具長期性、明顯、在不少發達國家也有。from wiki）
(6) A side-consequence is that this presents a serious challenge to Ron Unz’s theory of The East Asian Exception to Socio-Economic IQ Influences.
（6）东亚在社会-经济IQ影响上的特例似乎对罗恩·伍兹的理论造成了挑战。
As regards Chinese intelligence in global perspective
全球表现与中国人智力
Below is another table with a list of countries representing a typical sample of the developed countries that China is striving to become; and the emerging nations (BRIC’s and SE Asian) with which China is typically compared.
下面这个表展示了发达国家大体的数据，也就是中国正在努力成为的地区；以及正在崛起的地区（金砖四国以及东南亚）与中国数据作个对比。
地址：http://akarlin.com/2012/08/13/analysis-of-chinas-pisa-2009-results/
注：
PISA测试：国际学生能力评估计划（英文：Programme for International Student Assessment；简写：PISA）是一个由OECD筹划的对全世界15岁学生学习水平的测试计划，最早开始于2000年，每三年进行一次。该计划旨在发展教育方法与成果。是目前世界上最具影响力的国际学生学习评价项目之一。中国和印度2009年开始加入PISA测试国。http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PISA
PISA2009报告全文：
该BLOG主人是个住在英国的俄罗斯人，学识渊博（同时似乎很热衷于智商这个问题），他的BLOG里有好几篇关于中国发展、中国人IQ的分析文章，我将会在未来陆续搬运。
Posted on August 13, 2012
As human capital is so important for prosperity, it behoves us to know China’s in detail to assess whether it will continue converging on developed countries. Until recently the best data we had were disparate IQ tests (on the basis of which Richard Lynn’s latest estimate is an IQ of 105.8 in his 2012 book Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences) as well as PISA international standardized test scores from cities like Shanghai and Hong Kong. However, the problem was that they were hardly nationally representative due to the “cognitive clustering” effect. The Chinese did not allow the OECD to publish data for the rest of the country and this understandably raised further questions about the situation in its interior heartlands, although even in 2010 I was already able to report a PISA representative saying that “even in some of the very poor areas you get performance close to the OECD average.”
人力资源对经济发展非常重要，因此我们有必要知道中国的数据以确定它是否会仍旧是个发展中国家。直到最近，我们手里最好的资料无疑是IQ测试结果（在理查德·林恩教授2012年的最新预测《智力：社会科学的联合工程》中，中国的平均智商为105.8）以及PISA测试在上海和香港这样的城市里取得的结果。遗憾的是，由于“认知聚类”效应（wiki了一下没查出来），它们都不是很典型的中国代表。中国不允许OECD公开它国家其它地区的数据，这就让人对它的内陆地区情况更加心生疑窦，虽然我在2010年的PISA代表上就报告说，“即使在一些非常贫困的地区，中国的表现也接近OECD平均水平。”
As regards Chinese intelligence
关于中国智力水平
Happily (via commentator Jing) we learned that the PISA data for Zhejiang province and the China average had been released on the Chinese Internet. I collated this as well as data for Chinese-majority cities outside China in the table below, while also adding in their PISA-converted IQ scores, the scores of just natives (i.e. minus immigrants), percentage of the Han population, and nominal and PPP GDP per capita.
幸运的是我从中国网上找到了中国其他地区的数据。我同时把中国之外华人聚居的主要城市的数据也放在下面的表格里，并加上他们的PISA成、仅仅包含本地人的PISA成绩、汉族人口比例、以及人均名义购买力GDP。
0
* Twelve provinces including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu totaling 621 schools, 21,003 students. Results have been released for Shanghai, and later on for Zhejiang (59 schools, 1,800 students – of which 80% were township-village schools) and for the 12-province average.
*数据中有包括上海、浙江、北京、天津和江苏的12个省市，一共有621所学校、21003名学生参与了测试。上海的数据首先公开，然后是浙江（59所学校、1800名学生参与——80%来自乡镇地区）的数据和12省份的平均数据。
(1) Academic performance, and the IQ for which it is a good proxy, is very high for a developing nation. Presumably, this gap can largely be ascribed to the legacy of initial historical backwardness coupled with Maoist economics.
（1）对于学术水平，IQ是个很好的体现，中国的数据对于一个发展中国家而言极其之高。我猜测，这和中国历史上的传统以及毛时代经济的遗产有关。
(2) The average PISA-converted IQ of the 12 provinces surveyed in PISA is 103.0. (I do not know if provincial results were appropriately weighed for population when calculating the 12-province average but probably not). We know the identities of five of the 12 tested provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiang
su). They are all very high-income and developed by Chinese standards. Furthermore, these five provinces – with the exception of Tianjin – all perform well above average according to stats from a Chinese online IQ testing website.The provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang also have a reputation in China as gaokao powerhouses.
（2）12个省市的平均PISA成绩为103.0（我知道他们是按照12个省市的人口权重和平均值计算出这个数字的，但也有可能并非如此）。我们知道这12个省份里中的5个（上海，浙江，北京，天津，江苏），它们在中国属于发达、高收入地区，并且这5个省市——除了天津——都在一个中国在线IQ测试网站中高于中国的平均值。其中浙江和江苏在高考中以“高考强省”闻名。
(3) The Chinese average as given by PISA therefore appears to have an upwards bias, as at least a third of the tested provinces – Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing – are at the very top end of the Chinese IQ league charts. As such, the true IQ average for China is likely closer to 101-102.
（3）根据PISA测试结果的中国平均值有偏高的可能。其中至少有三个省份——上海，江苏和浙江，北京——在中国IQ测试表中名列前茅。因此中国真正的IQ平均值可能会徘徊于101-102.
(4) The very high score of Shanghai (111.6) is surely for the most part a reflection of its long status as a magnet of Chinese cognitive elites. This may well be true for Hong Kong (106.9) too although perhaps to a lesser extent. But the IQ of native Taiwanese is 105.1 even though the Han Chinese there are substantially interbred with lower-IQ aborigines. Singapore (107.5) too drew Chinese cognitive elites, and quite consciously too - their immigration policies were (are) de facto cognitively elitist – but on the other hand, this is counteracted by their large, lower-IQ Malay and Indian minorities. Regardless, one cannot escape the conclusion that with the (unexplained) exception of Macau, all developed Han majority regions have IQ’s in the 105-110 range. Likewise with other East Asians, such as native Koreans (106.6) and native Japanese (105.3). This means that there is a 5-10 point IQ gap between developed East Asian regions and the Chinese average.
（4）上海的分数非常高（111.6），必然与它长期以来作为中国人才精英的汇聚所在有关。对于香港而言（106.9），它的影响力可能稍逊一筹。但是台湾当地人的105.1，我甚至觉得可能是因为汉族人与当地人混血的缘故造成了较低的IQ。新加坡（107.5）也吸引了大量中国精英——而且他们的政治体制也是精英主义的——但另
一方面，这个优势被大量更低IQ的马来人和印度少数族裔抵消了。尽管澳门是个不应漏过的特例，大部分汉族发达地区的IQ都在105-110的范围内。在其他东亚地区，如韩国本土人（106.6）以及日本本土人（105.3）。这似乎意味着在中国平均数值和发达的东亚地区之间大概仍有5-10个点的差距（指上文说的中国101左右的平均值）。
(5) The biggest gaps between China and Chinese enclave regions are typically where we can reasonably hypothesize a “cognitive clustering” effect, so minus that the current gap is probably closer to 5 points. This means that China very likely still has the potential to raise its average IQ by c. 5 points via the Flynn Effect.
（5）中国和华人聚居地之间的巨大差距或许我们可以用“认知聚类”解释，那么差距则可以降到5个点左右。这说明中国的平均数值，根据弗林效应，仍有很高将近5个点的增长潜力。
（弗林效应（Flynn effect）指智商测试的结果逐年增加的现象。
弗林效应是以James R. Flynn命名的。最早提出這現象的人是Richard Lynn。在1982年的一期《自然》內，他提出了美國人做智力測驗的成績越來越好。James Flynn在1984年和1987年指出，這個現象具長期性、明顯、在不少發達國家也有。from wiki）
(6) A side-consequence is that this presents a serious challenge to Ron Unz’s theory of The East Asian Exception to Socio-Economic IQ Influences.
（6）东亚在社会-经济IQ影响上的特例似乎对罗恩·伍兹的理论造成了挑战。
As regards Chinese intelligence in global perspective
全球表现与中国人智力
Below is another table with a list of countries representing a typical sample of the developed countries that China is striving to become; and the emerging nations (BRIC’s and SE Asian) with which China is typically compared.
下面这个表展示了发达国家大体的数据，也就是中国正在努力成为的地区；以及正在崛起的地区（金砖四国以及东南亚）与中国数据作个对比。
注：
PISA测试：国际学生能力评估计划（英文：Programme for International Student Assessment；简写：PISA）是一个由OECD筹划的对全世界15岁学生学习水平的测试计划，最早开始于2000年，每三年进行一次。该计划旨在发展教育方法与成果。是目前世界上最具影响力的国际学生学习评价项目之一。中国和印度2009年开始加入PISA测试国。http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PISA
PISA2009报告全文：
该BLOG主人是个住在英国的俄罗斯人，学识渊博（同时似乎很热衷于智商这个问题），他的BLOG里有好几篇关于中国发展、中国人IQ的分析文章，我将会在未来陆续搬运。
Posted on August 13, 2012
As human capital is so important for prosperity, it behoves us to know China’s in detail to assess whether it will continue converging on developed countries. Until recently the best data we had were disparate IQ tests (on the basis of which Richard Lynn’s latest estimate is an IQ of 105.8 in his 2012 book Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences) as well as PISA international standardized test scores from cities like Shanghai and Hong Kong. However, the problem was that they were hardly nationally representative due to the “cognitive clustering” effect. The Chinese did not allow the OECD to publish data for the rest of the country and this understandably raised further questions about the situation in its interior heartlands, although even in 2010 I was already able to report a PISA representative saying that “even in some of the very poor areas you get performance close to the OECD average.”
人力资源对经济发展非常重要，因此我们有必要知道中国的数据以确定它是否会仍旧是个发展中国家。直到最近，我们手里最好的资料无疑是IQ测试结果（在理查德·林恩教授2012年的最新预测《智力：社会科学的联合工程》中，中国的平均智商为105.8）以及PISA测试在上海和香港这样的城市里取得的结果。遗憾的是，由于“认知聚类”效应（wiki了一下没查出来），它们都不是很典型的中国代表。中国不允许OECD公开它国家其它地区的数据，这就让人对它的内陆地区情况更加心生疑窦，虽然我在2010年的PISA代表上就报告说，“即使在一些非常贫困的地区，中国的表现也接近OECD平均水平。”
As regards Chinese intelligence
关于中国智力水平
Happily (via commentator Jing) we learned that the PISA data for Zhejiang province and the China average had been released on the Chinese Internet. I collated this as well as data for Chinese-majority cities outside China in the table below, while also adding in their PISA-converted IQ scores, the scores of just natives (i.e. minus immigrants), percentage of the Han population, and nominal and PPP GDP per capita.
幸运的是我从中国网上找到了中国其他地区的数据。我同时把中国之外华人聚居的主要城市的数据也放在下面的表格里，并加上他们的PISA成、仅仅包含本地人的PISA成绩、汉族人口比例、以及人均名义购买力GDP。
0
* Twelve provinces including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu totaling 621 schools, 21,003 students. Results have been released for Shanghai, and later on for Zhejiang (59 schools, 1,800 students – of which 80% were township-village schools) and for the 12-province average.
*数据中有包括上海、浙江、北京、天津和江苏的12个省市，一共有621所学校、21003名学生参与了测试。上海的数据首先公开，然后是浙江（59所学校、1800名学生参与——80%来自乡镇地区）的数据和12省份的平均数据。
(1) Academic performance, and the IQ for which it is a good proxy, is very high for a developing nation. Presumably, this gap can largely be ascribed to the legacy of initial historical backwardness coupled with Maoist economics.
（1）对于学术水平，IQ是个很好的体现，中国的数据对于一个发展中国家而言极其之高。我猜测，这和中国历史上的传统以及毛时代经济的遗产有关。
(2) The average PISA-converted IQ of the 12 provinces surveyed in PISA is 103.0. (I do not know if provincial results were appropriately weighed for population when calculating the 12-province average but probably not). We know the identities of five of the 12 tested provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiang
su). They are all very high-income and developed by Chinese standards. Furthermore, these five provinces – with the exception of Tianjin – all perform well above average according to stats from a Chinese online IQ testing website.The provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang also have a reputation in China as gaokao powerhouses.
（2）12个省市的平均PISA成绩为103.0（我知道他们是按照12个省市的人口权重和平均值计算出这个数字的，但也有可能并非如此）。我们知道这12个省份里中的5个（上海，浙江，北京，天津，江苏），它们在中国属于发达、高收入地区，并且这5个省市——除了天津——都在一个中国在线IQ测试网站中高于中国的平均值。其中浙江和江苏在高考中以“高考强省”闻名。
(3) The Chinese average as given by PISA therefore appears to have an upwards bias, as at least a third of the tested provinces – Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing – are at the very top end of the Chinese IQ league charts. As such, the true IQ average for China is likely closer to 101-102.
（3）根据PISA测试结果的中国平均值有偏高的可能。其中至少有三个省份——上海，江苏和浙江，北京——在中国IQ测试表中名列前茅。因此中国真正的IQ平均值可能会徘徊于101-102.
(4) The very high score of Shanghai (111.6) is surely for the most part a reflection of its long status as a magnet of Chinese cognitive elites. This may well be true for Hong Kong (106.9) too although perhaps to a lesser extent. But the IQ of native Taiwanese is 105.1 even though the Han Chinese there are substantially interbred with lower-IQ aborigines. Singapore (107.5) too drew Chinese cognitive elites, and quite consciously too - their immigration policies were (are) de facto cognitively elitist – but on the other hand, this is counteracted by their large, lower-IQ Malay and Indian minorities. Regardless, one cannot escape the conclusion that with the (unexplained) exception of Macau, all developed Han majority regions have IQ’s in the 105-110 range. Likewise with other East Asians, such as native Koreans (106.6) and native Japanese (105.3). This means that there is a 5-10 point IQ gap between developed East Asian regions and the Chinese average.
（4）上海的分数非常高（111.6），必然与它长期以来作为中国人才精英的汇聚所在有关。对于香港而言（106.9），它的影响力可能稍逊一筹。但是台湾当地人的105.1，我甚至觉得可能是因为汉族人与当地人混血的缘故造成了较低的IQ。新加坡（107.5）也吸引了大量中国精英——而且他们的政治体制也是精英主义的——但另
一方面，这个优势被大量更低IQ的马来人和印度少数族裔抵消了。尽管澳门是个不应漏过的特例，大部分汉族发达地区的IQ都在105-110的范围内。在其他东亚地区，如韩国本土人（106.6）以及日本本土人（105.3）。这似乎意味着在中国平均数值和发达的东亚地区之间大概仍有5-10个点的差距（指上文说的中国101左右的平均值）。
(5) The biggest gaps between China and Chinese enclave regions are typically where we can reasonably hypothesize a “cognitive clustering” effect, so minus that the current gap is probably closer to 5 points. This means that China very likely still has the potential to raise its average IQ by c. 5 points via the Flynn Effect.
（5）中国和华人聚居地之间的巨大差距或许我们可以用“认知聚类”解释，那么差距则可以降到5个点左右。这说明中国的平均数值，根据弗林效应，仍有很高将近5个点的增长潜力。
（弗林效应（Flynn effect）指智商测试的结果逐年增加的现象。
弗林效应是以James R. Flynn命名的。最早提出這現象的人是Richard Lynn。在1982年的一期《自然》內，他提出了美國人做智力測驗的成績越來越好。James Flynn在1984年和1987年指出，這個現象具長期性、明顯、在不少發達國家也有。from wiki）
(6) A side-consequence is that this presents a serious challenge to Ron Unz’s theory of The East Asian Exception to Socio-Economic IQ Influences.
（6）东亚在社会-经济IQ影响上的特例似乎对罗恩·伍兹的理论造成了挑战。
As regards Chinese intelligence in global perspective
全球表现与中国人智力
Below is another table with a list of countries representing a typical sample of the developed countries that China is striving to become; and the emerging nations (BRIC’s and SE Asian) with which China is typically compared.
下面这个表展示了发达国家大体的数据，也就是中国正在努力成为的地区；以及正在崛起的地区（金砖四国以及东南亚）与中国数据作个对比。
地址：http://akarlin.com/2012/08/13/analysis-of-chinas-pisa-2009-results/
注：
PISA测试：国际学生能力评估计划（英文：Programme for International Student Assessment；简写：PISA）是一个由OECD筹划的对全世界15岁学生学习水平的测试计划，最早开始于2000年，每三年进行一次。该计划旨在发展教育方法与成果。是目前世界上最具影响力的国际学生学习评价项目之一。中国和印度2009年开始加入PISA测试国。http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PISA
PISA2009报告全文：
该BLOG主人是个住在英国的俄罗斯人，学识渊博（同时似乎很热衷于智商这个问题），他的BLOG里有好几篇关于中国发展、中国人IQ的分析文章，我将会在未来陆续搬运。
Posted on August 13, 2012
As human capital is so important for prosperity, it behoves us to know China’s in detail to assess whether it will continue converging on developed countries. Until recently the best data we had were disparate IQ tests (on the basis of which Richard Lynn’s latest estimate is an IQ of 105.8 in his 2012 book Intelligence: A Unifying Construct for the Social Sciences) as well as PISA international standardized test scores from cities like Shanghai and Hong Kong. However, the problem was that they were hardly nationally representative due to the “cognitive clustering” effect. The Chinese did not allow the OECD to publish data for the rest of the country and this understandably raised further questions about the situation in its interior heartlands, although even in 2010 I was already able to report a PISA representative saying that “even in some of the very poor areas you get performance close to the OECD average.”
人力资源对经济发展非常重要，因此我们有必要知道中国的数据以确定它是否会仍旧是个发展中国家。直到最近，我们手里最好的资料无疑是IQ测试结果（在理查德·林恩教授2012年的最新预测《智力：社会科学的联合工程》中，中国的平均智商为105.8）以及PISA测试在上海和香港这样的城市里取得的结果。遗憾的是，由于“认知聚类”效应（wiki了一下没查出来），它们都不是很典型的中国代表。中国不允许OECD公开它国家其它地区的数据，这就让人对它的内陆地区情况更加心生疑窦，虽然我在2010年的PISA代表上就报告说，“即使在一些非常贫困的地区，中国的表现也接近OECD平均水平。”
As regards Chinese intelligence
关于中国智力水平
Happily (via commentator Jing) we learned that the PISA data for Zhejiang province and the China average had been released on the Chinese Internet. I collated this as well as data for Chinese-majority cities outside China in the table below, while also adding in their PISA-converted IQ scores, the scores of just natives (i.e. minus immigrants), percentage of the Han population, and nominal and PPP GDP per capita.
幸运的是我从中国网上找到了中国其他地区的数据。我同时把中国之外华人聚居的主要城市的数据也放在下面的表格里，并加上他们的PISA成、仅仅包含本地人的PISA成绩、汉族人口比例、以及人均名义购买力GDP。
0
* Twelve provinces including Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiangsu totaling 621 schools, 21,003 students. Results have been released for Shanghai, and later on for Zhejiang (59 schools, 1,800 students – of which 80% were township-village schools) and for the 12-province average.
*数据中有包括上海、浙江、北京、天津和江苏的12个省市，一共有621所学校、21003名学生参与了测试。上海的数据首先公开，然后是浙江（59所学校、1800名学生参与——80%来自乡镇地区）的数据和12省份的平均数据。
(1) Academic performance, and the IQ for which it is a good proxy, is very high for a developing nation. Presumably, this gap can largely be ascribed to the legacy of initial historical backwardness coupled with Maoist economics.
（1）对于学术水平，IQ是个很好的体现，中国的数据对于一个发展中国家而言极其之高。我猜测，这和中国历史上的传统以及毛时代经济的遗产有关。
(2) The average PISA-converted IQ of the 12 provinces surveyed in PISA is 103.0. (I do not know if provincial results were appropriately weighed for population when calculating the 12-province average but probably not). We know the identities of five of the 12 tested provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Jiang
su). They are all very high-income and developed by Chinese standards. Furthermore, these five provinces – with the exception of Tianjin – all perform well above average according to stats from a Chinese online IQ testing website.The provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang also have a reputation in China as gaokao powerhouses.
（2）12个省市的平均PISA成绩为103.0（我知道他们是按照12个省市的人口权重和平均值计算出这个数字的，但也有可能并非如此）。我们知道这12个省份里中的5个（上海，浙江，北京，天津，江苏），它们在中国属于发达、高收入地区，并且这5个省市——除了天津——都在一个中国在线IQ测试网站中高于中国的平均值。其中浙江和江苏在高考中以“高考强省”闻名。
(3) The Chinese average as given by PISA therefore appears to have an upwards bias, as at least a third of the tested provinces – Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing – are at the very top end of the Chinese IQ league charts. As such, the true IQ average for China is likely closer to 101-102.
（3）根据PISA测试结果的中国平均值有偏高的可能。其中至少有三个省份——上海，江苏和浙江，北京——在中国IQ测试表中名列前茅。因此中国真正的IQ平均值可能会徘徊于101-102.
(4) The very high score of Shanghai (111.6) is surely for the most part a reflection of its long status as a magnet of Chinese cognitive elites. This may well be true for Hong Kong (106.9) too although perhaps to a lesser extent. But the IQ of native Taiwanese is 105.1 even though the Han Chinese there are substantially interbred with lower-IQ aborigines. Singapore (107.5) too drew Chinese cognitive elites, and quite consciously too - their immigration policies were (are) de facto cognitively elitist – but on the other hand, this is counteracted by their large, lower-IQ Malay and Indian minorities. Regardless, one cannot escape the conclusion that with the (unexplained) exception of Macau, all developed Han majority regions have IQ’s in the 105-110 range. Likewise with other East Asians, such as native Koreans (106.6) and native Japanese (105.3). This means that there is a 5-10 point IQ gap between developed East Asian regions and the Chinese average.
（4）上海的分数非常高（111.6），必然与它长期以来作为中国人才精英的汇聚所在有关。对于香港而言（106.9），它的影响力可能稍逊一筹。但是台湾当地人的105.1，我甚至觉得可能是因为汉族人与当地人混血的缘故造成了较低的IQ。新加坡（107.5）也吸引了大量中国精英——而且他们的政治体制也是精英主义的——但另
一方面，这个优势被大量更低IQ的马来人和印度少数族裔抵消了。尽管澳门是个不应漏过的特例，大部分汉族发达地区的IQ都在105-110的范围内。在其他东亚地区，如韩国本土人（106.6）以及日本本土人（105.3）。这似乎意味着在中国平均数值和发达的东亚地区之间大概仍有5-10个点的差距（指上文说的中国101左右的平均值）。
(5) The biggest gaps between China and Chinese enclave regions are typically where we can reasonably hypothesize a “cognitive clustering” effect, so minus that the current gap is probably closer to 5 points. This means that China very likely still has the potential to raise its average IQ by c. 5 points via the Flynn Effect.
（5）中国和华人聚居地之间的巨大差距或许我们可以用“认知聚类”解释，那么差距则可以降到5个点左右。这说明中国的平均数值，根据弗林效应，仍有很高将近5个点的增长潜力。
（弗林效应（Flynn effect）指智商测试的结果逐年增加的现象。
弗林效应是以James R. Flynn命名的。最早提出這現象的人是Richard Lynn。在1982年的一期《自然》內，他提出了美國人做智力測驗的成績越來越好。James Flynn在1984年和1987年指出，這個現象具長期性、明顯、在不少發達國家也有。from wiki）
(6) A side-consequence is that this presents a serious challenge to Ron Unz’s theory of The East Asian Exception to Socio-Economic IQ Influences.
（6）东亚在社会-经济IQ影响上的特例似乎对罗恩·伍兹的理论造成了挑战。
As regards Chinese intelligence in global perspective
全球表现与中国人智力
Below is another table with a list of countries representing a typical sample of the developed countries that China is striving to become; and the emerging nations (BRIC’s and SE Asian) with which China is typically compared.
下面这个表展示了发达国家大体的数据，也就是中国正在努力成为的地区；以及正在崛起的地区（金砖四国以及东南亚）与中国数据作个对比。
(1) Assuming that average Chinese IQ is now 101-102:
（1）假设中国的平均IQ现在是101-102之间：
Means that it is approximately equivalent to the German IQ of 101.5 (with the typical East Asian bias towards better numerical and worse verbal scores).
换言之中国目前的IQ水平和德国（101.5）水平相当（东亚地区往往在数学上高分而在文字上是短板）。
As of today, this IQ level is still somewhat below those of other developed
East Asian nations be they Korean, Japanese, or Han majority. It is also slightly below the results of Australians, Canadians, native Germans and white Americans; and approximately equal to the results of native Britons and French.
目前而言，这个数字依然低于那些发达的东亚国家的水平，比如韩国，日本，或其他华人聚居地。也比澳大利亚，加拿大，本土德国人和白人美国人相比较低；大约和本土英国人和法国人相当。
It is head and shoulders above other SE Asian “tigers” whose average IQ’s are in the high 80′s (Thailand, Malaysia) or low 80′s (Indonesia).
中国和其他东南亚国家的差距就像是头和肩膀，他们的分数大部分在85+左右（泰国，马来西亚）和80+（印度尼西亚）。
Relative to the BRIC’s, the Chinese average IQ is substantially ahead of Russia (95.3) and greatly ahead of Brazil (85.2). As for India, whose average IQ is 75.4 according to PISA results from two fairly rich provinces, there is simply no comparison whatsoever. As I have indeed pointed out on numerous occasions.
金砖四国里，中国的分数也比俄罗斯（95.3）明显要高，和巴西（85.2）比则是大幅领先。至于印度，PISA在它的两个富裕省份得出的结果平均为75.4，我说了很多次，这根本没有可比性。
(2) Needless to say this is an extremely good result that practically ensures convergence to developed country levels within a reasonable time frame. This is especially true because as is almost always the case, there exists a positive feedback loop with greater development pushing average Chinese IQ to its genetic “ceiling” of approximately 105-108. That in turn will further raise the capacity of Chinese labor for skills absorption and even greater productivity.
（2）不必说，这是一个绝好成绩，保证了中国可能在合理的时间内发展到发达国家水平。更好的发展会对IQ发展形成正面回报，而IQ高则会推动社会经济发展，在这种循环中中国会慢慢达到它的“天花板”大约为105-108。这将会进一步提升中国劳动力的技能水平，产生更高的生产力。
Addendum 8/15:
附言8/15：
The commentator Jing graciously provided the list of all the 12 Chinese provinces that participated in the PISA 2009 study. They were: Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jilin, Hubei, Hebei, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Ningxia.
留言者jing慷慨的提供了所有中国12省份在2009年PISA测试的列表。它们是：天津，上海，北京，江苏，浙江，吉林，湖北，河北，海南，四川，云南，宁夏。
省份/人口（百万）/人均名义GDP（美元）/
天津 / 12.9 / 13058
上海 / 23 / 12783
北京 / 19.6 / 12456
江苏 / 78.7 / 9545
浙江 / 54.4 / 9083
吉林 / 27.5 / 5933
湖北 / 57.2 / 5434
中国平均 / 5432
河北 /71.9 / 5198
海南 / 8.7 / 4459
四川 / 80.4 / 4046
云南 / 46 / 2935
宁夏 / 6.2 / 5015
This allowed me to make an interesting conclusion. No matter whether you weigh the provincial IQ scores above by population or not, the difference between the 12 provinces and China on
average is only about 0.5 points in favor
of the 12 provinces. This means that the PISA sample is actually pretty good –
and that China’s PISA-derived IQ is in
fact about 102.5 or so.
这足以得出一个有趣的结论。不管怎么从人口调整省份的IQ成绩，12个省份之间、以及和中国平均水平间的差距也就
在0.5点上下。这说明PISA选择的样本是
非常好的——中国的平均PISA IQ水平差
不多是102.5.
相关新闻：
原文地址：http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-03/mumbai/33019239_1_india-backs-global-stage-math-and-science
由于3年前在PISA测试中的悲剧表现，印度最近决定退出今年的测试。
(PISA＝Programme for International Student Assessment，由世界经济合作和发展组织每3年对全球各地15岁学生进行测试，更多关于2009年测试结果请看http://bbs.hupu.com/3865664.html'又到了三年一度的Pisa测试，BBC特别撰文：中国，世界上最聪明的国家？'）
PISA这个教育界的“奥运会”测试学生的阅读，数学和科学知识三项能力。
印度在2009年第一次参加PISA测试。最终，他们在所有参加测试的73个国家中列倒数第二，仅仅高于吉尔吉斯斯坦。
现在临近新一轮测试的时候，印度怂了。印度的官员觉得他们的学生还没有准备好。
“印度说他们只注册了2009年的PISA测试，所以他们不会参加今年的测试，但是即使是2009年那次测试，印度还是拖到了2010年才完成。” PISA行政部负责人Juliet Evans说到。不同于印度，其他一些2010才完成测试的国家(哥斯达黎加，马来西亚，格鲁吉亚等等）仍然继续参加今年的测试。
即使到了2015，印度是否准备好也是一个迷。
在上次测试中，印度派出了两个他们自认为能展示自己教育和发展的地区进行测试（Tamil Nadu和Himachal Pradesh地区），结果却悲剧了。印度原来的打算是到了2012时让全国一起参加测试。现在，整个计划都泡汤了。
中国上海地区和印度在2009年都是第一次参加PISA测试，结果Shanghai, China却是雄踞所有单项测试榜首。数据显示1/4的上海15岁学生有着优秀的数学思维头脑，帮助他们解决复杂问题。而所有测试国家当中，有这项能力的学生只有3%。
在印度人自认为强项的数学上，他们参加测试的两个地区列倒数第二和倒数第三。英语阅读能力测试结果也是如此。科学知识上列全球测试国家中倒数第一。
专家估计，印度8年级学生的阅读能力仅仅相当于韩国3年级学生，中国上海2年级学生水准。
2009 PISA results
Shanghai, China: 556 (reading), 600 (math), 575(science), 111.6 (IQ)
Overall, China: 486 (reading), 550 (math), 524(science), 103.0 (IQ)
India: 327 (reading), 345 (math), 337 (science), 75.4 (IQ)
未完待续
（1）假设中国的平均IQ现在是101-102之间：
Means that it is approximately equivalent to the German IQ of 101.5 (with the typical East Asian bias towards better numerical and worse verbal scores).
换言之中国目前的IQ水平和德国（101.5）水平相当（东亚地区往往在数学上高分而在文字上是短板）。
As of today, this IQ level is still somewhat below those of other developed
East Asian nations be they Korean, Japanese, or Han majority. It is also slightly below the results of Australians, Canadians, native Germans and white Americans; and approximately equal to the results of native Britons and French.
目前而言，这个数字依然低于那些发达的东亚国家的水平，比如韩国，日本，或其他华人聚居地。也比澳大利亚，加拿大，本土德国人和白人美国人相比较低；大约和本土英国人和法国人相当。
It is head and shoulders above other SE Asian “tigers” whose average IQ’s are in the high 80′s (Thailand, Malaysia) or low 80′s (Indonesia).
中国和其他东南亚国家的差距就像是头和肩膀，他们的分数大部分在85+左右（泰国，马来西亚）和80+（印度尼西亚）。
Relative to the BRIC’s, the Chinese average IQ is substantially ahead of Russia (95.3) and greatly ahead of Brazil (85.2). As for India, whose average IQ is 75.4 according to PISA results from two fairly rich provinces, there is simply no comparison whatsoever. As I have indeed pointed out on numerous occasions.
金砖四国里，中国的分数也比俄罗斯（95.3）明显要高，和巴西（85.2）比则是大幅领先。至于印度，PISA在它的两个富裕省份得出的结果平均为75.4，我说了很多次，这根本没有可比性。
(2) Needless to say this is an extremely good result that practically ensures convergence to developed country levels within a reasonable time frame. This is especially true because as is almost always the case, there exists a positive feedback loop with greater development pushing average Chinese IQ to its genetic “ceiling” of approximately 105-108. That in turn will further raise the capacity of Chinese labor for skills absorption and even greater productivity.
（2）不必说，这是一个绝好成绩，保证了中国可能在合理的时间内发展到发达国家水平。更好的发展会对IQ发展形成正面回报，而IQ高则会推动社会经济发展，在这种循环中中国会慢慢达到它的“天花板”大约为105-108。这将会进一步提升中国劳动力的技能水平，产生更高的生产力。
Addendum 8/15:
附言8/15：
The commentator Jing graciously provided the list of all the 12 Chinese provinces that participated in the PISA 2009 study. They were: Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jilin, Hubei, Hebei, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Ningxia.
留言者jing慷慨的提供了所有中国12省份在2009年PISA测试的列表。它们是：天津，上海，北京，江苏，浙江，吉林，湖北，河北，海南，四川，云南，宁夏。
省份/人口（百万）/人均名义GDP（美元）/
天津 / 12.9 / 13058
上海 / 23 / 12783
北京 / 19.6 / 12456
江苏 / 78.7 / 9545
浙江 / 54.4 / 9083
吉林 / 27.5 / 5933
湖北 / 57.2 / 5434
中国平均 / 5432
河北 /71.9 / 5198
海南 / 8.7 / 4459
四川 / 80.4 / 4046
云南 / 46 / 2935
宁夏 / 6.2 / 5015
This allowed me to make an interesting conclusion. No matter whether you weigh the provincial IQ scores above by population or not, the difference between the 12 provinces and China on
average is only about 0.5 points in favor
of the 12 provinces. This means that the PISA sample is actually pretty good –
and that China’s PISA-derived IQ is in
fact about 102.5 or so.
这足以得出一个有趣的结论。不管怎么从人口调整省份的IQ成绩，12个省份之间、以及和中国平均水平间的差距也就
在0.5点上下。这说明PISA选择的样本是
非常好的——中国的平均PISA IQ水平差
不多是102.5.
相关新闻：
原文地址：http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-03/mumbai/33019239_1_india-backs-global-stage-math-and-science
由于3年前在PISA测试中的悲剧表现，印度最近决定退出今年的测试。
(PISA＝Programme for International Student Assessment，由世界经济合作和发展组织每3年对全球各地15岁学生进行测试，更多关于2009年测试结果请看http://bbs.hupu.com/3865664.html'又到了三年一度的Pisa测试，BBC特别撰文：中国，世界上最聪明的国家？'）
PISA这个教育界的“奥运会”测试学生的阅读，数学和科学知识三项能力。
印度在2009年第一次参加PISA测试。最终，他们在所有参加测试的73个国家中列倒数第二，仅仅高于吉尔吉斯斯坦。
现在临近新一轮测试的时候，印度怂了。印度的官员觉得他们的学生还没有准备好。
“印度说他们只注册了2009年的PISA测试，所以他们不会参加今年的测试，但是即使是2009年那次测试，印度还是拖到了2010年才完成。” PISA行政部负责人Juliet Evans说到。不同于印度，其他一些2010才完成测试的国家(哥斯达黎加，马来西亚，格鲁吉亚等等）仍然继续参加今年的测试。
即使到了2015，印度是否准备好也是一个迷。
在上次测试中，印度派出了两个他们自认为能展示自己教育和发展的地区进行测试（Tamil Nadu和Himachal Pradesh地区），结果却悲剧了。印度原来的打算是到了2012时让全国一起参加测试。现在，整个计划都泡汤了。
中国上海地区和印度在2009年都是第一次参加PISA测试，结果Shanghai, China却是雄踞所有单项测试榜首。数据显示1/4的上海15岁学生有着优秀的数学思维头脑，帮助他们解决复杂问题。而所有测试国家当中，有这项能力的学生只有3%。
在印度人自认为强项的数学上，他们参加测试的两个地区列倒数第二和倒数第三。英语阅读能力测试结果也是如此。科学知识上列全球测试国家中倒数第一。
专家估计，印度8年级学生的阅读能力仅仅相当于韩国3年级学生，中国上海2年级学生水准。
2009 PISA results
Shanghai, China: 556 (reading), 600 (math), 575(science), 111.6 (IQ)
Overall, China: 486 (reading), 550 (math), 524(science), 103.0 (IQ)
India: 327 (reading), 345 (math), 337 (science), 75.4 (IQ)
未完待续
删去。。。
删去。。。
亮点：
专家估计，印度8年级学生的阅读能力仅仅相当于韩国3年级学生，中国上海2年级学生水准。
专家估计，印度8年级学生的阅读能力仅仅相当于韩国3年级学生，中国上海2年级学生水准。
智商上的优越感……果然没错
Aurora6666 发表于 2013-3-25 20:27 ![]()
智商上的优越感……果然没错
说的120%的贴切……
智商上的优越感……果然没错
说的120%的贴切……
但是台湾当地人的105.1，我甚至觉得可能是因为汉族人与当地人混血的缘故造成了较低的IQ。
其实这不是原住民的错 是绿乌龟拉低了100%的智商水平
还有 猴子就是猴子
阿三不是地球人 起码思维不是
其实这不是原住民的错 是绿乌龟拉低了100%的智商水平
还有 猴子就是猴子
阿三不是地球人 起码思维不是
我的确感到了一丝优越
优越感油然而生
三哥难道是因为生存环境恶劣导致脑发育不完整或脑量小？
三哥主要是小弟弟领导大脑，荷尔蒙指挥一切。开发出大街上随时 弓虽女干 的必杀技。
还是跟教育有很大关系的，印度的教育太悲剧了，印度人再怎么也不应该那么低，只能说明三哥，都不好意思嘲笑三哥了
还是跟教育有很大关系的，印度的教育太悲剧了，印度人再怎么也不应该那么低，只能说明三哥，都不好意思嘲笑三哥了
还是跟教育有很大关系的，印度的教育太悲剧了，印度人再怎么也不应该那么低，只能说明三哥，都不好意思嘲笑 ...
8年级相当于2年级的阅读水平怎么解释
8年级相当于2年级的阅读水平怎么解释
香港的数据可能会不准，香港的小升中不考功课而搞所谓的学能测试，其实就是IQ测试那套，搞得香港学生整天就操练这个。
饱食而乱喷 发表于 2013-3-26 16:29 ![]()
8年级相当于2年级的阅读水平怎么解释
说明他们的教育太水了，本来三哥就没什么传统，以前只是一个地理名词，英国佬统一印度怎么可能好好教育他们，想象一下一群非洲部落联盟能搞出什么好的教育
8年级相当于2年级的阅读水平怎么解释
说明他们的教育太水了，本来三哥就没什么传统，以前只是一个地理名词，英国佬统一印度怎么可能好好教育他们，想象一下一群非洲部落联盟能搞出什么好的教育
这个测试明显对三哥不公平。在幻想的智商方面，三哥遥遥领先。仅此于棒子，名列第二。
