中国的核扩散 口号PK行动

前记：国际社会一直在寻求控制原子能扩散，其中《部分禁止核试验条约》和《全面禁止核试验条约》主要是与核武器相关，而《防止核扩散条约（NPT）》是国际原子能机构IEAE监控全球核武器、核能的重要准则。TG于1984年加入IEAE，92年签署NPT（注意，隔了8年时间！），“始终”是“负责任的大国”。
　　但实际上根据美帝原子能控制所的观点，
　　腹黑小白兔完全是“丧尽天良，践踏国际和平，违背‘世界主流民意’”，大大地“坏”！！！
　　这不，罗列了一大堆“罪状”！
　　
　　
　　
　　1981--`Like many other peace-loving countries, China does not advocate or encourage nuclear proliferation, and we are emphatically opposed to any production of nuclear weapons by racists and expansionists such as South Africa and Israel.'
Yu Peiwen, head of Chinese delegation to Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Xinhua, 8/4/81.          China supplies South Africa (at that time not a member of the NPT and pursuing a nuclear weapons program) with 60 tons of unsafeguarded enriched uranium. This enriched uranium may have enabled South Africa to triple weapons-grade uranium output at the Valindaba facility. In 1981, other unsafeguarded Chinese exports include highly enriched uranium, uranium hexaflouride, and heavy water to Argentina, and heavy water to India. Both nations are non-NPT states with nuclear weapons programs at the time.
　　1981年，“和其他热爱和平国家一样，中国不主张或鼓励核扩散，并且强烈反对南非、以色列这样种族主义和侵略扩张的国家制造任何核武器！”————中国裁军会议代表团长，新华日报日内瓦报道。（注，有关核裁军的国际话题一般都在瑞士日内瓦开会讨论。由于众所周知的原因，每次差不多都是清谈会了。另外后文中得出处均省略，抱歉，需要者可以查询原文）
　　实际上，中国向谋求核武器的南非提供60吨未监管浓缩铀，但后者连NPT没有签署（并且，和南非连外交关系都没有！曼德拉上台后才改过来）。这些原料可以制造出3枚核武器。当年还向阿根廷出口高浓缩铀、六氟化铀和重水，而印度人也买到重水了（？？？！！）。后两个国家同样不是签约国。
　　（注，高浓缩铀指的是20%以上，核武器级别在80%以上。六氟化铀是提取浓缩铀过程的中间产物。重水则是提取氢弹原料氘和氚的重要来源。
　　 由于核武器制造需要铀矿石，缺少铀的国家可以从核反应堆废料里面提纯，主要包括3项技术：铀浓缩、乏燃料后处理和重水生产技术。这都是国际严管的技术。）
　　
　　1983        `China does not encourage or support nuclear proliferation.'
　　Vice Premier Li Peng, Xinhua, 10/18/83.
　　In 1983, China contracts with Algeria, then a non-NPT state, to construct a large, unsafeguarded plutonium-production reactor. Construction of the reactor complex began after November 1984---well after China's April 1984 pledge to subject all future nuclear exports to IAEA safeguards, and while China is negotiating a nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States. China also supplies Algeria with large hot cells, which can be used to handle highly radioactive spent fuel to separate plutonium.
　　83年，李鹏副总理声明，“中国并不主张或鼓励核扩散”。
　　当年中国和NPT非签约国阿尔及利亚接触，并于84年11月开始建造可以生产大量钚的反应堆。另一方面，84年4月开始允许IEAE管理未来所有的原子能出口，同时正和美国商议核能合作协定。此外还帮助阿国建造能从旧燃料中提取钚的设备。
　　
　　1984        `We are critical of the discriminatory treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, but we do not advocate or encourage nuclear proliferation. We do not engage in nuclear proliferation ourselves, nor do we help other countries develop nuclear weapons.'
　　Premier Zhao Ziyang, White House state dinner on 1/10/84, Xinhua, 1/11/84 (Note: A US official later said that `These were solemn assurances with in fact the force of law,' AP, 6/15/84).
　　U.S. officials reveal that, in the early 1980s, China provided Pakistan with the design for a nuclear weapon, and probably enough highly enriched uranium (HEU) for one to two bombs.
　　 84年，总理赵紫阳在美国白宫晚餐期间直言：“我们虽然批评核武器扩散的不平等条款，但仍不主张或鼓励核扩散。中国既不参加核扩散，也不会帮助其他国家发展核武器！”
　　（原文附，某美国官员随后宣称“这是法律威名之下，一位国家领导人庄严的保证！”）
　　（注，全篇文章就这里忽略人名。想想，如此二的人还是给点面子吧。。。。）
　　年初，美国佬又说中国向巴基斯坦提供核武器设计方法，还有大概能做成一两颗核弹的高浓缩铀.
　　
　　1985-86        "China has no intention, either at the present or in the future, to help non-nuclear countries develop nuclear weapons."
　　Li Peng, Chinese Vice Premier, Xinhua, January 18, 1985.
　　`The Chinese made it clear to us that when they say they will not assist other countries to develop nuclear weapons, this also applies to all nuclear explosives . . . We are satisfied that the [nonproliferation] policies they have adopted are consistent with our own basic views.'
　　Ambassador Richard Kennedy, Department of State, Congressional testimony, 10/9/85.
　　 `Discussions with China that have taken place since the initialling of the proposed [nuclear] Agreement have contributed significantly to a shared understanding with China on what it means not to assist other countries to acquire nuclear explosives, and in facilitating China's steps to put all these new policies into place. Thus, ACDA believes that the statements of policy by senior Chinese officials, as clarified by these discussions, represent a clear commitment not to assist a non-nuclear-weapon state in the acquisition of nuclear explosives.'
　　ACDA, `Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement,' submitted to Congress on 7/24/85 with the US/China Agreement for Cooperation, 7/19/85.
　　 `China is not a party to the NPT, but its stance on the question is clear-cut and above-board . . . it stands for nuclear disarmament and disapproves of nuclear proliferation . . . In recent years, the Chinese Government has more and more, time and again reiterated that China neither advocates nor encourages nuclear proliferation, and its cooperation with other countries in the nuclear field is only for peaceful purposes'.
　　Ambassador Ho Qian Jiadong, speech given at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, 6/27/85 (quoted by Amb. Richard Kennedy in congressional testimony, 7/31/85).
　　In addition to covering up its export of the unsafeguarded reactor to Algeria, China secretly sells Pakistan tritium, an element used in the trigger of hydrogen bombs as well as to boost the yield of fission weapons.
　　85年1月李鹏副总理宣布不管是现在还是将来，中国无意帮助非核国家发展核武器。
　　美国高级官员Richard Kennedy10月份在国会作证：“中国人已经明确地表示不会帮助其他国家发展核武器，甚至连核研究都不行……我们很满意这样的政策和美方观点一致”(注，这位老兄的官名很难翻译，偶就忽略了）
　　“中美已经共同认识到不应该帮助其他国家进行核研究，中方会努力实现这一点，基于此两国达成新的协议，这样双方谈判开始进行。美国军备控制和裁军署（ACDA）相信中国高级官员所说这些话。”（这段话相当拗口，不好翻译）。摘自ACDA向国会提交的报告，一起的还有两国合作声明。
　　“中国不是NPT的签署国，但立场绝对坚定明确——我们支持核裁军、反对核扩散———近年来政府已经一而再、再而三地强调：中国既不主张也不鼓励核扩散，与他国的核能合作也只是出于和平目的”，中国代表团长6月份在日内瓦如是说（这摘自前面Richard Kennedy的发言）
　　
　　 除了掩盖向阿尔及利亚出口未监管的反应堆外，中国还秘密向巴基斯坦出售用来增强裂变武器威力的氚原料（注，原子弹里加入少量的氘或氚等热核装料可以显著提高当量，但还是以裂变为主，这就是加强型原子弹。）

前记：国际社会一直在寻求控制原子能扩散，其中《部分禁止核试验条约》和《全面禁止核试验条约》主要是与核武器相关，而《防止核扩散条约（NPT）》是国际原子能机构IEAE监控全球核武器、核能的重要准则。TG于1984年加入IEAE，92年签署NPT（注意，隔了8年时间！），“始终”是“负责任的大国”。
　　但实际上根据美帝原子能控制所的观点，
　　腹黑小白兔完全是“丧尽天良，践踏国际和平，违背‘世界主流民意’”，大大地“坏”！！！
　　这不，罗列了一大堆“罪状”！
　　
　　
China's Non-Proliferation Words
vs.
China's Nuclear Proliferation Deeds
URL:w w w.nci.org/i/ib12997.htm

　　中国核扩散政策的正式声明与所作所为
　　
　　1981--`Like many other peace-loving countries, China does not advocate or encourage nuclear proliferation, and we are emphatically opposed to any production of nuclear weapons by racists and expansionists such as South Africa and Israel.'
Yu Peiwen, head of Chinese delegation to Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Xinhua, 8/4/81.          China supplies South Africa (at that time not a member of the NPT and pursuing a nuclear weapons program) with 60 tons of unsafeguarded enriched uranium. This enriched uranium may have enabled South Africa to triple weapons-grade uranium output at the Valindaba facility. In 1981, other unsafeguarded Chinese exports include highly enriched uranium, uranium hexaflouride, and heavy water to Argentina, and heavy water to India. Both nations are non-NPT states with nuclear weapons programs at the time.
　　1981年，“和其他热爱和平国家一样，中国不主张或鼓励核扩散，并且强烈反对南非、以色列这样种族主义和侵略扩张的国家制造任何核武器！”————中国裁军会议代表团长，新华日报日内瓦报道。（注，有关核裁军的国际话题一般都在瑞士日内瓦开会讨论。由于众所周知的原因，每次差不多都是清谈会了。另外后文中得出处均省略，抱歉，需要者可以查询原文）
　　实际上，中国向谋求核武器的南非提供60吨未监管浓缩铀，但后者连NPT没有签署（并且，和南非连外交关系都没有！曼德拉上台后才改过来）。这些原料可以制造出3枚核武器。当年还向阿根廷出口高浓缩铀、六氟化铀和重水，而印度人也买到重水了（？？？！！）。后两个国家同样不是签约国。
　　（注，高浓缩铀指的是20%以上，核武器级别在80%以上。六氟化铀是提取浓缩铀过程的中间产物。重水则是提取氢弹原料氘和氚的重要来源。
　　 由于核武器制造需要铀矿石，缺少铀的国家可以从核反应堆废料里面提纯，主要包括3项技术：铀浓缩、乏燃料后处理和重水生产技术。这都是国际严管的技术。）
　　
　　1983        `China does not encourage or support nuclear proliferation.'
　　Vice Premier Li Peng, Xinhua, 10/18/83.
　　In 1983, China contracts with Algeria, then a non-NPT state, to construct a large, unsafeguarded plutonium-production reactor. Construction of the reactor complex began after November 1984---well after China's April 1984 pledge to subject all future nuclear exports to IAEA safeguards, and while China is negotiating a nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States. China also supplies Algeria with large hot cells, which can be used to handle highly radioactive spent fuel to separate plutonium.
　　83年，李鹏副总理声明，“中国并不主张或鼓励核扩散”。
　　当年中国和NPT非签约国阿尔及利亚接触，并于84年11月开始建造可以生产大量钚的反应堆。另一方面，84年4月开始允许IEAE管理未来所有的原子能出口，同时正和美国商议核能合作协定。此外还帮助阿国建造能从旧燃料中提取钚的设备。
　　
　　1984        `We are critical of the discriminatory treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, but we do not advocate or encourage nuclear proliferation. We do not engage in nuclear proliferation ourselves, nor do we help other countries develop nuclear weapons.'
　　Premier Zhao Ziyang, White House state dinner on 1/10/84, Xinhua, 1/11/84 (Note: A US official later said that `These were solemn assurances with in fact the force of law,' AP, 6/15/84).
　　U.S. officials reveal that, in the early 1980s, China provided Pakistan with the design for a nuclear weapon, and probably enough highly enriched uranium (HEU) for one to two bombs.
　　 84年，总理赵紫阳在美国白宫晚餐期间直言：“我们虽然批评核武器扩散的不平等条款，但仍不主张或鼓励核扩散。中国既不参加核扩散，也不会帮助其他国家发展核武器！”
　　（原文附，某美国官员随后宣称“这是法律威名之下，一位国家领导人庄严的保证！”）
　　（注，全篇文章就这里忽略人名。想想，如此二的人还是给点面子吧。。。。）
　　年初，美国佬又说中国向巴基斯坦提供核武器设计方法，还有大概能做成一两颗核弹的高浓缩铀.
　　
　　1985-86        "China has no intention, either at the present or in the future, to help non-nuclear countries develop nuclear weapons."
　　Li Peng, Chinese Vice Premier, Xinhua, January 18, 1985.
　　`The Chinese made it clear to us that when they say they will not assist other countries to develop nuclear weapons, this also applies to all nuclear explosives . . . We are satisfied that the [nonproliferation] policies they have adopted are consistent with our own basic views.'
　　Ambassador Richard Kennedy, Department of State, Congressional testimony, 10/9/85.
　　 `Discussions with China that have taken place since the initialling of the proposed [nuclear] Agreement have contributed significantly to a shared understanding with China on what it means not to assist other countries to acquire nuclear explosives, and in facilitating China's steps to put all these new policies into place. Thus, ACDA believes that the statements of policy by senior Chinese officials, as clarified by these discussions, represent a clear commitment not to assist a non-nuclear-weapon state in the acquisition of nuclear explosives.'
　　ACDA, `Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement,' submitted to Congress on 7/24/85 with the US/China Agreement for Cooperation, 7/19/85.
　　 `China is not a party to the NPT, but its stance on the question is clear-cut and above-board . . . it stands for nuclear disarmament and disapproves of nuclear proliferation . . . In recent years, the Chinese Government has more and more, time and again reiterated that China neither advocates nor encourages nuclear proliferation, and its cooperation with other countries in the nuclear field is only for peaceful purposes'.
　　Ambassador Ho Qian Jiadong, speech given at the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, 6/27/85 (quoted by Amb. Richard Kennedy in congressional testimony, 7/31/85).
　　In addition to covering up its export of the unsafeguarded reactor to Algeria, China secretly sells Pakistan tritium, an element used in the trigger of hydrogen bombs as well as to boost the yield of fission weapons.
　　85年1月李鹏副总理宣布不管是现在还是将来，中国无意帮助非核国家发展核武器。
　　美国高级官员Richard Kennedy10月份在国会作证：“中国人已经明确地表示不会帮助其他国家发展核武器，甚至连核研究都不行……我们很满意这样的政策和美方观点一致”(注，这位老兄的官名很难翻译，偶就忽略了）
　　“中美已经共同认识到不应该帮助其他国家进行核研究，中方会努力实现这一点，基于此两国达成新的协议，这样双方谈判开始进行。美国军备控制和裁军署（ACDA）相信中国高级官员所说这些话。”（这段话相当拗口，不好翻译）。摘自ACDA向国会提交的报告，一起的还有两国合作声明。
　　“中国不是NPT的签署国，但立场绝对坚定明确——我们支持核裁军、反对核扩散———近年来政府已经一而再、再而三地强调：中国既不主张也不鼓励核扩散，与他国的核能合作也只是出于和平目的”，中国代表团长6月份在日内瓦如是说（这摘自前面Richard Kennedy的发言）
　　
　　 除了掩盖向阿尔及利亚出口未监管的反应堆外，中国还秘密向巴基斯坦出售用来增强裂变武器威力的氚原料（注，原子弹里加入少量的氘或氚等热核装料可以显著提高当量，但还是以裂变为主，这就是加强型原子弹。）