不甘寂寞的中情局。另外装有武直的货船再次掉头前往叙利 ...

C.I.A. Said to Aid in Steering Arms to Syrian Opposition
为叙利亚反对派供武，中情局助有一臂之力

WASHINGTON — A small number of C.I.A. officers are operating secretly in southern Turkey, helping allies decide which Syrian opposition fighters across the border will receive arms to fight the Syrian government, according to American officials and Arab intelligence officers.

华盛顿——据美国官员及阿拉伯情报人员透露，数名中情局官员在土耳其南部秘密展开工作，帮助盟友们决定应向哪些叙利亚反政府武装提供军火。

The weapons, including automatic rifles, rocket-propelled grenades, ammunition and some antitank weapons, are being funneled mostly across the Turkish border by way of a shadowy network of intermediaries including Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and paid for by Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, the officials said.

官员们披露，这些武器包括自动步枪、肩扛式火箭、弹药及反坦克武器等，绝大多数由包括叙利亚穆兄会在内的秘密中转网络从土耳其边境潜运入境，土耳其、沙特和卡塔尔则为这些武器买单。


The C.I.A. officers have been in southern Turkey for several weeks, in part to help keep weapons out of the hands of fighters allied with Al Qaeda or other terrorist groups, one senior American official said. The Obama administration has said it is not providing arms to the rebels, but it has also acknowledged that Syria’s neighbors would do so.

美国一名高级官员称，中情局官员入驻土耳其南部已有数周，部分目的在于阻止与基地或其它恐怖组织有关的武装人员染指这些军火。奥巴马政府已声明不向反叛方提供军火，但同时承认叙利亚的邻国将供武。

The clandestine intelligence-gathering effort is the most detailed known instance of the limited American support for the military campaign against the Syrian government. It is also part of Washington’s attempt to increase the pressure on President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, who has recently escalated his government’s deadly crackdown on civilians and the militias battling his rule. With Russia blocking more aggressive steps against the Assad government, the United States and its allies have instead turned to diplomacy and aiding allied efforts to arm the rebels to force Mr. Assad from power.

这项收集情报的地下工作，是美国向叙利亚反政府武装提供有限支持的最为具体的已知事例，也是华盛顿向叙利亚总统巴萨尔施压的一部分，巴萨尔政府最近加紧了对平民与反叛武装的血腥镇压。因俄罗斯否决对叙利亚政府采取更为严厉的行动，美国及其盟国已转而进行外交努力，并帮助那些向反叛组织供武的行动，以迫使巴萨尔退位。

By helping to vet rebel groups, American intelligence operatives in Turkey hope to learn more about a growing, changing opposition network inside of Syria and to establish new ties. “C.I.A. officers are there and they are trying to make new sources and recruit people,” said one Arab intelligence official who is briefed regularly by American counterparts.

通过帮助甄别反叛组织，美国驻土耳其情报人员希望能够更多地了解叙利亚境内不断成长、变化的反叛网络并建立新的联系。一名经常接受美方情报人员通报的阿拉伯情报官员表示：＂中情局正试图培养新的情报来源并招募新人。＂
 
American officials and retired C.I.A. officials said the administration was also weighing additional assistance to rebels, like providing satellite imagery and other detailed intelligence on Syrian troop locations and movements. The administration is also considering whether to help the opposition set up a rudimentary intelligence service. But no decisions have been made on those measures or even more aggressive steps, like sending C.I.A. officers into Syria itself, they said.

美国官员及退休中情局人士表示，白宫正在论证是否应向反叛武装提供其它额外援助，如卫星照片及其它有关叙利亚军队方位与动向的详细情报。白宫还在考虑是否应帮助反对派建立一个简易的情报部门。但他们表示白宫尚未就这些或其它更强硬的行动做出决定，比方说，派出中情局人员直接进入叙利亚。

The struggle inside Syria has the potential to intensify significantly in coming months as powerful new weapons are flowing to both the Syrian government and opposition fighters. President Obama and his top aides are seeking to pressure Russia to curb arms shipments like attack helicopters to Syria, its main ally in the Middle East.

随着新的重武器不断运至叙政府及反对派手中，叙利亚境内的战斗有可能在未来数月内剧烈恶化。奥巴马总统及其高级助理正敦促俄罗斯停止向其主要中东盟友叙利亚供应诸如武装直升机等武器。

“We’d like to see ，arms sales to the Assad regime come to an end, because we believe they’ve demonstrated that they will only use their military against their own civilian population,” Benjamin J. Rhodes, deputy national security adviser for strategic communications, said after Mr. Obama and his Russian counterpart, Vladimir V. Putin, met in Mexico on Monday.

奥巴马与普京在墨西哥会面之后，美国负责战略沟通的国家安全助理顾问Benjamin J. Rhodes表示：＂我们希望看到停止向巴萨尔政权供武，因为我们认为他们已表现出只会动用军事力量镇压本国百姓。＂

Spokesmen for the White House, State Department and C.I.A. would not comment on any intelligence operations supporting the Syrian rebels, some details of which were reported last week by The Wall Street Journal.

白宫、国务院及中情局的发言人均拒绝对任何向叙利亚反叛组织提供支持的情报行动发表评论，上周，华尔街日报曾对此进行报道。

Until now, the public face of the administration’s Syria policy has largely been diplomacy and humanitarian aid.

在此之前，白宫叙利亚政策的公开面目大多是外交与人道主义援助。

The State Department said Wednesday that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton would meet with her Russian counterpart, Sergey V. Lavrov, on the sidelines of a meeting of Asia-Pacific foreign ministers in St. Petersburg, Russia, next Thursday. The private talks are likely to focus, at least in part, on the crisis in Syria.

国务院在周三表示，在下周四俄罗斯圣彼得堡举行的亚太外长会议上，希拉里国务卿与俄罗斯外长将进行会面。这次私下会面很可能聚焦于（至少部分如此）叙利亚危机。

The State Department has authorized $15 million in nonlethal aid, like medical supplies and communications equipment, to civilian opposition groups in Syria.

国务院已批准向叙利亚平民反对派提供价值一千五百万美元的＂非致命性＂援助，比如医药和通讯设备等。

The Pentagon continues to fine-tune a range of military options, after a request from Mr. Obama in early March for such contingency planning. Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told senators at that time that the options under review included humanitarian airlifts, aerial surveillance of the Syrian military, and the establishment of a no-fly zone.

自今年三月初接获奥巴马要求进行紧急策划的指令后，五角大楼继续就一系列军事选项进行微调。参谋长联席会议主席Martin E. Dempsey将军在向参议院作证时表示，正在审查的军事选项包括人道主义空运、对叙政府军进行空中侦察以及建立禁飞区。

The military has also drawn up plans for how coalition troops would secure Syria’s sizable stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons if an all-out civil war threatened their security.

军方还在策划在受到全面内战危胁的情况下，联军应如何确保叙利亚大量生化武器的安全。

But senior administration officials have underscored in recent days that they are not actively considering military options. “Anything at this point vis-à-vis Syria would be hypothetical in the extreme,” General Dempsey told reporters this month.

但白宫高级官员在近日强调，美国并未积极考虑军事行动。Dempsey将军本月对记者表示：＂现阶段，任何与叙利亚进行正面交锋的讨论都是极端假想性的。＂

What has changed since March is an influx of weapons and ammunition to the rebels. The increasingly fierce air and artillery assaults by the government are intended to counter improved coordination, tactics and weaponry among the opposition forces, according to members of the Syrian National Council and other activists.

与三月份不同，如今大量军火已运抵反叛武装。据叙利亚全国委员会成员及其它积极分子表示，叙政府不断加强的空中与火炮打击旨在对付反对派业已增强的配合、战术与武器装备。

Last month, these activists said, Turkish Army vehicles delivered antitank weaponry to the border, where it was then smuggled into Syria. Turkey has repeatedly denied it was extending anything other than humanitarian aid to the opposition, mostly via refugee camps near the border. The United States, these activists said, was consulted about these weapons transfers.

叙积极分子上月称，土耳其军方车辆将反坦克武器运至边境，然后再走私进入叙利亚。土耳其一再否认除了在边境地区建立难民营等人道主义援助外，还向叙反对派提供了任何其它形式的支持。叙积极分子表示在转运武器过程中还征询了美方意见。

American military analysts offered mixed opinions on whether these arms have offset the advantages held by the militarily superior Syrian Army. “The rebels are starting to crack the code on how to take out tanks,” said Joseph Holliday, a former United States Army intelligence officer in Afghanistan who is now a researcher tracking the Free Syrian Army for the Institute for the Study of War in Washington.

对于这些武器是否抵消了叙利亚部队的武装优势，美国军事分析师们意见不一。曾任美国陆军驻阿富汗情报官、华盛顿战争研究院专门跟踪记录叙利亚自由军的研究员Joseph Holliday表示：＂反叛武器已开始渐渐了解如何摧毁坦克。＂

But a senior American officer who receives classified intelligence reports from the region, compared the rebels’ arms to “peashooters” against the government’s heavy weaponry and attack helicopters.

但一名掌握中东地区机密情报的高级美国官员则认为，与叙利亚政府军的重型武器和武装直升机相比，反叛武装的好像是玩具枪。

The Syrian National Council, the main opposition group in exile, has recently begun trying to organize the scattered, localized units that all fight under the name of the Free Syrian Army into a more cohesive force.

主要的流亡反对组织＂叙利亚全国委员会＂近期开始尝试将那些在＂自由军＂旗号下作战的散兵游勇整合成一支更有组织性的部队。

About 10 military coordinating councils in provinces across the country are now sharing tactics and other information. The city of Homs is the notable exception. It lacks such a council because the three main military groups in the city do not get along, national council officials said.

大约十个分散在叙利亚全国境内的军事统筹委员会现在正互享战术及其它信息。但霍姆斯城是一个特例，据全国委员会官员称，由于城内三大队伍互不配合，难以形成统一的委员会。

Jeffrey White, a defense analyst at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy who tracks videos and announcements from self-described rebel battalions, said there were now about 100 rebel formations, up from roughly 70 two months ago, ranging in size from a handful of fighters to a couple of hundred combatants.

华盛顿近东政策研究院防务分析师Jeffrey White一直跟踪记录反政府武装的视频与声明，他表示：叙利亚现有大大小小的（从数人到数百人不等）武装组织约一百个，两个月前约为七十个。

“When the regime wants to go someplace and puts the right package of forces together, it can do it,” Mr. White said. “But the opposition is raising the cost of those kinds of operations.”

Mr. White表示：＂政府军仍可向各地派遣适当比例的武装力量，但反对派正在提高政府军机动成本。＂

纽约时报http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/2 ... html?pagewanted=all


爬山虎http://www.ptfcn.com/?p=2094


C.I.A. Said to Aid in Steering Arms to Syrian Opposition
为叙利亚反对派供武，中情局助有一臂之力

WASHINGTON — A small number of C.I.A. officers are operating secretly in southern Turkey, helping allies decide which Syrian opposition fighters across the border will receive arms to fight the Syrian government, according to American officials and Arab intelligence officers.

华盛顿——据美国官员及阿拉伯情报人员透露，数名中情局官员在土耳其南部秘密展开工作，帮助盟友们决定应向哪些叙利亚反政府武装提供军火。

The weapons, including automatic rifles, rocket-propelled grenades, ammunition and some antitank weapons, are being funneled mostly across the Turkish border by way of a shadowy network of intermediaries including Syria’s Muslim Brotherhood and paid for by Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, the officials said.

官员们披露，这些武器包括自动步枪、肩扛式火箭、弹药及反坦克武器等，绝大多数由包括叙利亚穆兄会在内的秘密中转网络从土耳其边境潜运入境，土耳其、沙特和卡塔尔则为这些武器买单。


The C.I.A. officers have been in southern Turkey for several weeks, in part to help keep weapons out of the hands of fighters allied with Al Qaeda or other terrorist groups, one senior American official said. The Obama administration has said it is not providing arms to the rebels, but it has also acknowledged that Syria’s neighbors would do so.

美国一名高级官员称，中情局官员入驻土耳其南部已有数周，部分目的在于阻止与基地或其它恐怖组织有关的武装人员染指这些军火。奥巴马政府已声明不向反叛方提供军火，但同时承认叙利亚的邻国将供武。

The clandestine intelligence-gathering effort is the most detailed known instance of the limited American support for the military campaign against the Syrian government. It is also part of Washington’s attempt to increase the pressure on President Bashar al-Assad of Syria, who has recently escalated his government’s deadly crackdown on civilians and the militias battling his rule. With Russia blocking more aggressive steps against the Assad government, the United States and its allies have instead turned to diplomacy and aiding allied efforts to arm the rebels to force Mr. Assad from power.

这项收集情报的地下工作，是美国向叙利亚反政府武装提供有限支持的最为具体的已知事例，也是华盛顿向叙利亚总统巴萨尔施压的一部分，巴萨尔政府最近加紧了对平民与反叛武装的血腥镇压。因俄罗斯否决对叙利亚政府采取更为严厉的行动，美国及其盟国已转而进行外交努力，并帮助那些向反叛组织供武的行动，以迫使巴萨尔退位。

By helping to vet rebel groups, American intelligence operatives in Turkey hope to learn more about a growing, changing opposition network inside of Syria and to establish new ties. “C.I.A. officers are there and they are trying to make new sources and recruit people,” said one Arab intelligence official who is briefed regularly by American counterparts.

通过帮助甄别反叛组织，美国驻土耳其情报人员希望能够更多地了解叙利亚境内不断成长、变化的反叛网络并建立新的联系。一名经常接受美方情报人员通报的阿拉伯情报官员表示：＂中情局正试图培养新的情报来源并招募新人。＂
 
American officials and retired C.I.A. officials said the administration was also weighing additional assistance to rebels, like providing satellite imagery and other detailed intelligence on Syrian troop locations and movements. The administration is also considering whether to help the opposition set up a rudimentary intelligence service. But no decisions have been made on those measures or even more aggressive steps, like sending C.I.A. officers into Syria itself, they said.

美国官员及退休中情局人士表示，白宫正在论证是否应向反叛武装提供其它额外援助，如卫星照片及其它有关叙利亚军队方位与动向的详细情报。白宫还在考虑是否应帮助反对派建立一个简易的情报部门。但他们表示白宫尚未就这些或其它更强硬的行动做出决定，比方说，派出中情局人员直接进入叙利亚。

The struggle inside Syria has the potential to intensify significantly in coming months as powerful new weapons are flowing to both the Syrian government and opposition fighters. President Obama and his top aides are seeking to pressure Russia to curb arms shipments like attack helicopters to Syria, its main ally in the Middle East.

随着新的重武器不断运至叙政府及反对派手中，叙利亚境内的战斗有可能在未来数月内剧烈恶化。奥巴马总统及其高级助理正敦促俄罗斯停止向其主要中东盟友叙利亚供应诸如武装直升机等武器。

“We’d like to see ，arms sales to the Assad regime come to an end, because we believe they’ve demonstrated that they will only use their military against their own civilian population,” Benjamin J. Rhodes, deputy national security adviser for strategic communications, said after Mr. Obama and his Russian counterpart, Vladimir V. Putin, met in Mexico on Monday.

奥巴马与普京在墨西哥会面之后，美国负责战略沟通的国家安全助理顾问Benjamin J. Rhodes表示：＂我们希望看到停止向巴萨尔政权供武，因为我们认为他们已表现出只会动用军事力量镇压本国百姓。＂

Spokesmen for the White House, State Department and C.I.A. would not comment on any intelligence operations supporting the Syrian rebels, some details of which were reported last week by The Wall Street Journal.

白宫、国务院及中情局的发言人均拒绝对任何向叙利亚反叛组织提供支持的情报行动发表评论，上周，华尔街日报曾对此进行报道。

Until now, the public face of the administration’s Syria policy has largely been diplomacy and humanitarian aid.

在此之前，白宫叙利亚政策的公开面目大多是外交与人道主义援助。

The State Department said Wednesday that Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton would meet with her Russian counterpart, Sergey V. Lavrov, on the sidelines of a meeting of Asia-Pacific foreign ministers in St. Petersburg, Russia, next Thursday. The private talks are likely to focus, at least in part, on the crisis in Syria.

国务院在周三表示，在下周四俄罗斯圣彼得堡举行的亚太外长会议上，希拉里国务卿与俄罗斯外长将进行会面。这次私下会面很可能聚焦于（至少部分如此）叙利亚危机。

The State Department has authorized $15 million in nonlethal aid, like medical supplies and communications equipment, to civilian opposition groups in Syria.

国务院已批准向叙利亚平民反对派提供价值一千五百万美元的＂非致命性＂援助，比如医药和通讯设备等。

The Pentagon continues to fine-tune a range of military options, after a request from Mr. Obama in early March for such contingency planning. Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told senators at that time that the options under review included humanitarian airlifts, aerial surveillance of the Syrian military, and the establishment of a no-fly zone.

自今年三月初接获奥巴马要求进行紧急策划的指令后，五角大楼继续就一系列军事选项进行微调。参谋长联席会议主席Martin E. Dempsey将军在向参议院作证时表示，正在审查的军事选项包括人道主义空运、对叙政府军进行空中侦察以及建立禁飞区。

The military has also drawn up plans for how coalition troops would secure Syria’s sizable stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons if an all-out civil war threatened their security.

军方还在策划在受到全面内战危胁的情况下，联军应如何确保叙利亚大量生化武器的安全。

But senior administration officials have underscored in recent days that they are not actively considering military options. “Anything at this point vis-à-vis Syria would be hypothetical in the extreme,” General Dempsey told reporters this month.

但白宫高级官员在近日强调，美国并未积极考虑军事行动。Dempsey将军本月对记者表示：＂现阶段，任何与叙利亚进行正面交锋的讨论都是极端假想性的。＂

What has changed since March is an influx of weapons and ammunition to the rebels. The increasingly fierce air and artillery assaults by the government are intended to counter improved coordination, tactics and weaponry among the opposition forces, according to members of the Syrian National Council and other activists.

与三月份不同，如今大量军火已运抵反叛武装。据叙利亚全国委员会成员及其它积极分子表示，叙政府不断加强的空中与火炮打击旨在对付反对派业已增强的配合、战术与武器装备。

Last month, these activists said, Turkish Army vehicles delivered antitank weaponry to the border, where it was then smuggled into Syria. Turkey has repeatedly denied it was extending anything other than humanitarian aid to the opposition, mostly via refugee camps near the border. The United States, these activists said, was consulted about these weapons transfers.

叙积极分子上月称，土耳其军方车辆将反坦克武器运至边境，然后再走私进入叙利亚。土耳其一再否认除了在边境地区建立难民营等人道主义援助外，还向叙反对派提供了任何其它形式的支持。叙积极分子表示在转运武器过程中还征询了美方意见。

American military analysts offered mixed opinions on whether these arms have offset the advantages held by the militarily superior Syrian Army. “The rebels are starting to crack the code on how to take out tanks,” said Joseph Holliday, a former United States Army intelligence officer in Afghanistan who is now a researcher tracking the Free Syrian Army for the Institute for the Study of War in Washington.

对于这些武器是否抵消了叙利亚部队的武装优势，美国军事分析师们意见不一。曾任美国陆军驻阿富汗情报官、华盛顿战争研究院专门跟踪记录叙利亚自由军的研究员Joseph Holliday表示：＂反叛武器已开始渐渐了解如何摧毁坦克。＂

But a senior American officer who receives classified intelligence reports from the region, compared the rebels’ arms to “peashooters” against the government’s heavy weaponry and attack helicopters.

但一名掌握中东地区机密情报的高级美国官员则认为，与叙利亚政府军的重型武器和武装直升机相比，反叛武装的好像是玩具枪。

The Syrian National Council, the main opposition group in exile, has recently begun trying to organize the scattered, localized units that all fight under the name of the Free Syrian Army into a more cohesive force.

主要的流亡反对组织＂叙利亚全国委员会＂近期开始尝试将那些在＂自由军＂旗号下作战的散兵游勇整合成一支更有组织性的部队。

About 10 military coordinating councils in provinces across the country are now sharing tactics and other information. The city of Homs is the notable exception. It lacks such a council because the three main military groups in the city do not get along, national council officials said.

大约十个分散在叙利亚全国境内的军事统筹委员会现在正互享战术及其它信息。但霍姆斯城是一个特例，据全国委员会官员称，由于城内三大队伍互不配合，难以形成统一的委员会。

Jeffrey White, a defense analyst at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy who tracks videos and announcements from self-described rebel battalions, said there were now about 100 rebel formations, up from roughly 70 two months ago, ranging in size from a handful of fighters to a couple of hundred combatants.

华盛顿近东政策研究院防务分析师Jeffrey White一直跟踪记录反政府武装的视频与声明，他表示：叙利亚现有大大小小的（从数人到数百人不等）武装组织约一百个，两个月前约为七十个。

“When the regime wants to go someplace and puts the right package of forces together, it can do it,” Mr. White said. “But the opposition is raising the cost of those kinds of operations.”

Mr. White表示：＂政府军仍可向各地派遣适当比例的武装力量，但反对派正在提高政府军机动成本。＂

纽约时报http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/2 ... html?pagewanted=all


爬山虎http://www.ptfcn.com/?p=2094