超级军网欧洲的分级燃烧
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<br /><br />欧空局首次试验FLPP计划的分级燃烧演示发动机。2月，欧空局“未来运载火箭预备计划”（FLPP）的分级燃烧火箭发动机缩比演示器在德国进行首次点火试验。试验显示了氢动力、分级燃烧循环演示器的点火与燃烧。<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=http://ybw.cc">
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<br /><br />欧空局首次试验FLPP计划的分级燃烧演示发动机。2月，欧空局“未来运载火箭预备计划”（FLPP）的分级燃烧火箭发动机缩比演示器在德国进行首次点火试验。试验显示了氢动力、分级燃烧循环演示器的点火与燃烧。<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=http://ybw.cc">
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<br /><br />欧空局首次试验FLPP计划的分级燃烧演示发动机。2月，欧空局“未来运载火箭预备计划”（FLPP）的分级燃烧火箭发动机缩比演示器在德国进行首次点火试验。试验显示了氢动力、分级燃烧循环演示器的点火与燃烧。<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=http://ybw.cc">
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First firing of European staged-combustion demonstration engine
First firing of European staged-combustion demonstration engine
欧洲分级燃烧验证发动机首次点火
27 February 2008
The first hot firing test of a reduced-scale demonstration version of a staged-combustion rocket engine has recently been achieved at the Lampoldshausen (Germany) test facility of DLR. This development work is part of ESA's Future Launchers Preparatory Programme.
一种分级火箭引擎的简化演示版本的首次热点火试验目前在 Lampoldshausen (德国) DLR 测试场完成。此开发工作是 ESA 未来发动机预研项目之一。
One of the developments that will be necessary for Europe's Next Generation Launcher (NGL) is a new design of main engine. The Vulcain engine that powers Ariane 5 is approaching the limits of its design in terms of both thrust and overall performance.
对欧洲必须的下一代发动机的开发之一是主引擎的新设计。驱动雅利安娜5 的Vulcain 引擎 在推进和总体性能上接近设计极限。
One objective of the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP) is to enable informed decisions about NGL engine technologies to be taken later in the programme.
即将被启用的未来发动机预研项目表明了的关于引擎技术在项目中延后的决定。
Choice of technology
技术选择
Liquid-fuelled rocket engines can be classified as either open- or closed-cycle, according to how they derive the gases that power the turbine-driven pumps used to force the fuel and oxidant into the combustion chamber.
液体燃料火箭引擎分为开或闭循环，是跟据它们如何获得涡喷驱动泵的气体迫使燃料和氧气进入燃烧室。
Europe has experience with open-cycle engines - Vulcain is an example of this type - and with closed cycle expander engines - the Vinci engine uses this design and has accumulated more than 3000 seconds of hot firing tests.
欧洲已用过开循环引擎，Vulcain 是此类型之一例，关循环增强型引擎- Vinci 引擎使用这种设计，已累计超过3000秒的热点火测试。
Part of the work currently being undertaken in the propulsion area of the FLPP is the development of technologies and competencies for the next step: closed-cycle, staged-combustion engines.
目前在 FLPP 推进阶段承担的部分工作是技术开发和用于下一步：关循环、分级燃烧引擎的能力。
Why staged-combustion
为什么分级燃烧？
The overall efficiency of a rocket engine is measured by its 'specific impulse' - the impulse (the change of momentum - or, put simply, the speed increase of the launch vehicle) that it can achieve per unit quantity of fuel. This is somewhat like the 'miles-per-gallon' or 'litres-per-100km' figures that are quoted for cars.
一个火箭引擎的总体效率由其特定推力来衡量，推力（ 动力改变-或单摆，发动机速度提升）能完成燃料的每个单元燃料（的燃烧）。这是如 “米/加仑”或者“升/100公里”所衡量汽车那样。
The specific impulse of an open-cycle gas generator engine such as Vulcain is inherently limited, while for the closed-cycle, staged-combustion design, it increases with the combustion pressure. This provides opportunities for developing engines that need less propellant to perform a given task, reducing the propellant load and, as a consequence, the size and mass of the launch vehicle.
一个开循环气体发生器引擎如 Vulcain 的特定推力本来就有限，而闭循环、分级燃烧设计，提高了燃烧压力。这对开发需要更少推进物、因推进物负载降低而使发动机尺寸和质量较少还能完成给定任务提供了途径。
New fuels
The energy content and storage properties of the selected fuel have a major influence on the overall 'efficiency' of a launch vehicle. Hydrogen, the fuel used in the engines mentioned above, is now in competition with hydrocarbons such as methane.
新燃料
所选燃料的能量容量和存储特性对发动机总体效能是主要影响。上述提及的用于引擎的氢燃料，现在正与碳氢类燃料如甲烷竞争。
Although hydrocarbons contain less energy per kilogram than liquid hydrogen, their higher density and less demanding storage requirements (they remain liquid at much higher temperatures than hydrogen), leads to reduced tank size and mass.
尽管碳氢类燃料每公斤所含能量低于液氢，但它们密度高和存储需求低（它们保持液态需要温度高于氢），可使坦克降低尺寸和质量。
Early success
早期成功
The recent test at Lampoldshausen has successfully shown the ignition and ramp-up of a hydrogen powered, staged-combustion cycle demonstrator. This work is continuing and is being expanded to demonstrate the use of methane as a fuel.
目前在Lampoldshausen 的试验成功展示了氢能的点火和上冲，分级燃烧循环验证器。这项工作正在继续并将进一步用甲烷做燃料的演示。
ESA FLPP main stage propulsion development is being carried out by a consortium and co-contractor comprised of Snecma (France), Avio (Italy), and Astrium (Germany), supported by a team of nine other European companies and research bodies.
ESA FLPP 主推进开发由一个社团和合作承包人包括 Snecma (法国) Avio(意大利) 和 Astrium( 德国)正在执行，另由其他九个欧洲公司和研究机构支持。
http://bbs.cjdby.net/viewthread.php?tid=465899&extra=page%3D1
First firing of European staged-combustion demonstration engine
欧洲分级燃烧验证发动机首次点火
27 February 2008
The first hot firing test of a reduced-scale demonstration version of a staged-combustion rocket engine has recently been achieved at the Lampoldshausen (Germany) test facility of DLR. This development work is part of ESA's Future Launchers Preparatory Programme.
一种分级火箭引擎的简化演示版本的首次热点火试验目前在 Lampoldshausen (德国) DLR 测试场完成。此开发工作是 ESA 未来发动机预研项目之一。
One of the developments that will be necessary for Europe's Next Generation Launcher (NGL) is a new design of main engine. The Vulcain engine that powers Ariane 5 is approaching the limits of its design in terms of both thrust and overall performance.
对欧洲必须的下一代发动机的开发之一是主引擎的新设计。驱动雅利安娜5 的Vulcain 引擎 在推进和总体性能上接近设计极限。
One objective of the Future Launchers Preparatory Programme (FLPP) is to enable informed decisions about NGL engine technologies to be taken later in the programme.
即将被启用的未来发动机预研项目表明了的关于引擎技术在项目中延后的决定。
Choice of technology
技术选择
Liquid-fuelled rocket engines can be classified as either open- or closed-cycle, according to how they derive the gases that power the turbine-driven pumps used to force the fuel and oxidant into the combustion chamber.
液体燃料火箭引擎分为开或闭循环，是跟据它们如何获得涡喷驱动泵的气体迫使燃料和氧气进入燃烧室。
Europe has experience with open-cycle engines - Vulcain is an example of this type - and with closed cycle expander engines - the Vinci engine uses this design and has accumulated more than 3000 seconds of hot firing tests.
欧洲已用过开循环引擎，Vulcain 是此类型之一例，关循环增强型引擎- Vinci 引擎使用这种设计，已累计超过3000秒的热点火测试。
Part of the work currently being undertaken in the propulsion area of the FLPP is the development of technologies and competencies for the next step: closed-cycle, staged-combustion engines.
目前在 FLPP 推进阶段承担的部分工作是技术开发和用于下一步：关循环、分级燃烧引擎的能力。
Why staged-combustion
为什么分级燃烧？
The overall efficiency of a rocket engine is measured by its 'specific impulse' - the impulse (the change of momentum - or, put simply, the speed increase of the launch vehicle) that it can achieve per unit quantity of fuel. This is somewhat like the 'miles-per-gallon' or 'litres-per-100km' figures that are quoted for cars.
一个火箭引擎的总体效率由其特定推力来衡量，推力（ 动力改变-或单摆，发动机速度提升）能完成燃料的每个单元燃料（的燃烧）。这是如 “米/加仑”或者“升/100公里”所衡量汽车那样。
The specific impulse of an open-cycle gas generator engine such as Vulcain is inherently limited, while for the closed-cycle, staged-combustion design, it increases with the combustion pressure. This provides opportunities for developing engines that need less propellant to perform a given task, reducing the propellant load and, as a consequence, the size and mass of the launch vehicle.
一个开循环气体发生器引擎如 Vulcain 的特定推力本来就有限，而闭循环、分级燃烧设计，提高了燃烧压力。这对开发需要更少推进物、因推进物负载降低而使发动机尺寸和质量较少还能完成给定任务提供了途径。
New fuels
The energy content and storage properties of the selected fuel have a major influence on the overall 'efficiency' of a launch vehicle. Hydrogen, the fuel used in the engines mentioned above, is now in competition with hydrocarbons such as methane.
新燃料
所选燃料的能量容量和存储特性对发动机总体效能是主要影响。上述提及的用于引擎的氢燃料，现在正与碳氢类燃料如甲烷竞争。
Although hydrocarbons contain less energy per kilogram than liquid hydrogen, their higher density and less demanding storage requirements (they remain liquid at much higher temperatures than hydrogen), leads to reduced tank size and mass.
尽管碳氢类燃料每公斤所含能量低于液氢，但它们密度高和存储需求低（它们保持液态需要温度高于氢），可使坦克降低尺寸和质量。
Early success
早期成功
The recent test at Lampoldshausen has successfully shown the ignition and ramp-up of a hydrogen powered, staged-combustion cycle demonstrator. This work is continuing and is being expanded to demonstrate the use of methane as a fuel.
目前在Lampoldshausen 的试验成功展示了氢能的点火和上冲，分级燃烧循环验证器。这项工作正在继续并将进一步用甲烷做燃料的演示。
ESA FLPP main stage propulsion development is being carried out by a consortium and co-contractor comprised of Snecma (France), Avio (Italy), and Astrium (Germany), supported by a team of nine other European companies and research bodies.
ESA FLPP 主推进开发由一个社团和合作承包人包括 Snecma (法国) Avio(意大利) 和 Astrium( 德国)正在执行，另由其他九个欧洲公司和研究机构支持。
http://bbs.cjdby.net/viewthread.php?tid=465899&extra=page%3D1