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TYPE 45 DARING CLASS ANTI-AIR WARFARE DESTROYER, UNITED KINGDOM
The UK Royal Navy抯 Type 45 destroyers are to replace the Type 42 destroyers, in service since 1978. Six ships have been contracted with a total requirement for twelve. The twelve are to enter service by 2014. A Full Scale Engineering and Initial Production (FSED/IP) contract has been placed on Marconi Electronic Systems (now BAE SYSTEMS) as project prime contractor. All ships will be assembled and launched at BAE's Yarrow, Scotstoun shipyard. responsible for the assembly of the ships. Vosper Thorneycroft will build and outfit the forward section of the ship, masts and funnels.
The first-of-class ship, HMS Daring, will enter service in 2007. The second, HMS Dauntless, and the third, HMS Diamond will enter service in 2009. The following three have been named as HMS Dragon, HMS Defender and HMS Duncan.
The UK withdrew from participation in the tri-national Project Horizon/Common New Generatrion Frigate (CNGF) programme for the UK, France and Italy, and the project was terminated in October 1999.The Type 45 programme is benefiting from work done on Horizon, for example the PAAMS weapon system and some of the internal architecture of the ship.
The destroyer抯 displacement will be about 8,000t, the designed top speed will be greater than 27 knots and the range will be greater than 7,000 nautical miles.
MISSION
The main mission of the Type 45 anti-air warfare destroyer is to provide local area fleet defence, with long range radar and wide area defence capability. The ship's combat systems also have the capability to control aircraft and co-ordinate the anti-air warfare operations of the task force. The Type 45 is equipped with long range weapon systems to intercept air threats including super-agile manoeuvring missiles with re-attack modes. The ships will also have close-in weapon systems for last layer defence. The UK PAAMS will defend the ships from missiles approaching individually or in salvos and is capable of controlling a large number of airborne missiles simultaneously. The Type 45 could also accommodate cruise missiles such as the Tomahawk and anti-ballistic missiles if a requirement was identified in future. The Type 45 will be able to operate a helicopter up to the size of a Royal Navy's Merlin helicopter, but will initally operate with Lynx HMA.8 helicopters armed with Stingray torpedoes.
COMMAND AND CONTROL
A joint team of BAE Systems Combat and Radar Systems and Alenia Marconi Systems will supply the combat management system (CMS) and data transfer system for the destroyers. The Type 45 CMS will integrate the PAAMS missile system and control all sensors and weapons. Thales Communications Ltd are leading the team, which includes BAE Systems Avionics, which will provide the Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS). Astrium (a joint venture of EADS and BAE Systems) has been awarded a contract to provide SCOT 3 satellite communications systems. Raytheon Systems Ltd will supply the integrated navigation system. Northrop Grumman (formerly Litton) Marine Systems with Rockwell Automation will provide the platform management system.
The Fully Integrated Communications System ((FICS) is being developed by Thales Communications and BAE Systems. Alenia Marconi Systems will provide the METOC (Meteorological and Oceanographic) system.
PRINCIPAL ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM (PAAMS)
The primary weapon system of the Type 45 will be the Principal Anti-Aircraft Missile System (PAAMS). PAAMS is a tri-national programme involving France, Italy and the UK. The programme has entered the full-scale engineering development and initial production phase. The prime contractor is Europaams SAS, a joint-venture company owned two thirds by Eurosam (MBDA and Thales), and one third by the UKAMS subsidiary of MBDA.
The missiles being developed for PAAMS are the Aster 15 and the Aster 30. It is expected, although not confirmed, that the UK Royal Navy will select only the longer range Aster 30. The Aster missile carries an inertial computer with datalink, an active J-band Doppler radar seeker and 15kg warhead. The speed of Aster 30 is Mach 4, and range is over 80km. The missile has manoeuvrability of up to 62g, achieved through the use of the EADS Aerospatiale PIF/PAF guidance system.
While the French/Italian PAAMS uses the Empar G-band radar, the UK PAAMS has the BAE SYSTEMS Sampson multi-function, dual-face active array radar operating at E/F bands. Each face of the array carries 2,5000 gallium arsenide transmit-and-receive modules, with an output of 25kW. BAE SYSTEMS has reconfigured Sampson to produce a near spherical design which retains the two arrays internally. Modes of operation include long- and medium-range search, surface search, high-speed horizon search, and high-angle search and track. Sampson uses digital adaptive beamforming which makes it highly resistant to electronic countermeasures. PAAMS uses a DCN Sylver A50 vertical launcher with eight cells. The Type 45 will have six Sylver VLS. The command and control system will be supplied by UKAMS, although Thales Airsys will build some of the core elements.
Alenia Marconi Systems, teamed with Radamec Defence Systems will provide the Electro-optical Gunfire Control System (EOGCS).
SENSORS
Wide-area long-range search is provided by the Alenia Marconi Systems S1850M radar operating at D-band, an enhanced version of the Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) SMART-L. Raytheon Systems Ltd will supply the IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) system.
Ultra Electronics (with EDO Corporation of the USA) has been selected to provide the Type 45's Surface Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD) system which includes the MFS-7000 bow-mounted medium frequency sonar, a development of the sonar supplied by EDO to the Brazilian Navy. The system will provide automatic warning of a torpedo attack and tactical advice on ship manoeuvres and the deployment of decoys to defeat the threat.
COUNTERMEASURES
Thales Sensors (formerly Racal Defence) will supply the Type 45抯 radar band electronic support measures (RESM) system. The RESM is devloped from Racal抯 Outfit UAT but with new signal processing and emitter identification technology.
The destroyer will also be fitted with a communications-band electronic support measures (CESM) system, which is yet to be contracted.
PROPULSION
The Type 45 will be powered by two WR-21 advanced cycle gas turbine engines with intercooler and recuperator (ICR) heat exchangers, which provides significant space and fuel savings. The recuperator recovers energy from the exhaust gases to increase fuel efficiency. Each engine will provide 25 MW. The engines will be built by a team led by Rolls-Royce and Northrop Grumman. Alsthom Power Conversion Ltd will provide other elements of the power and propulsion system, including the electric propulsion motors.
The UK Royal Navy抯 Type 45 destroyers are to replace the Type 42 destroyers, in service since 1978. Six ships have been contracted with a total requirement for twelve. The twelve are to enter service by 2014. A Full Scale Engineering and Initial Production (FSED/IP) contract has been placed on Marconi Electronic Systems (now BAE SYSTEMS) as project prime contractor. All ships will be assembled and launched at BAE's Yarrow, Scotstoun shipyard. responsible for the assembly of the ships. Vosper Thorneycroft will build and outfit the forward section of the ship, masts and funnels.
The first-of-class ship, HMS Daring, will enter service in 2007. The second, HMS Dauntless, and the third, HMS Diamond will enter service in 2009. The following three have been named as HMS Dragon, HMS Defender and HMS Duncan.
The UK withdrew from participation in the tri-national Project Horizon/Common New Generatrion Frigate (CNGF) programme for the UK, France and Italy, and the project was terminated in October 1999.The Type 45 programme is benefiting from work done on Horizon, for example the PAAMS weapon system and some of the internal architecture of the ship.
The destroyer抯 displacement will be about 8,000t, the designed top speed will be greater than 27 knots and the range will be greater than 7,000 nautical miles.
MISSION
The main mission of the Type 45 anti-air warfare destroyer is to provide local area fleet defence, with long range radar and wide area defence capability. The ship's combat systems also have the capability to control aircraft and co-ordinate the anti-air warfare operations of the task force. The Type 45 is equipped with long range weapon systems to intercept air threats including super-agile manoeuvring missiles with re-attack modes. The ships will also have close-in weapon systems for last layer defence. The UK PAAMS will defend the ships from missiles approaching individually or in salvos and is capable of controlling a large number of airborne missiles simultaneously. The Type 45 could also accommodate cruise missiles such as the Tomahawk and anti-ballistic missiles if a requirement was identified in future. The Type 45 will be able to operate a helicopter up to the size of a Royal Navy's Merlin helicopter, but will initally operate with Lynx HMA.8 helicopters armed with Stingray torpedoes.
COMMAND AND CONTROL
A joint team of BAE Systems Combat and Radar Systems and Alenia Marconi Systems will supply the combat management system (CMS) and data transfer system for the destroyers. The Type 45 CMS will integrate the PAAMS missile system and control all sensors and weapons. Thales Communications Ltd are leading the team, which includes BAE Systems Avionics, which will provide the Fully Integrated Communications System (FICS). Astrium (a joint venture of EADS and BAE Systems) has been awarded a contract to provide SCOT 3 satellite communications systems. Raytheon Systems Ltd will supply the integrated navigation system. Northrop Grumman (formerly Litton) Marine Systems with Rockwell Automation will provide the platform management system.
The Fully Integrated Communications System ((FICS) is being developed by Thales Communications and BAE Systems. Alenia Marconi Systems will provide the METOC (Meteorological and Oceanographic) system.
PRINCIPAL ANTI-AIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM (PAAMS)
The primary weapon system of the Type 45 will be the Principal Anti-Aircraft Missile System (PAAMS). PAAMS is a tri-national programme involving France, Italy and the UK. The programme has entered the full-scale engineering development and initial production phase. The prime contractor is Europaams SAS, a joint-venture company owned two thirds by Eurosam (MBDA and Thales), and one third by the UKAMS subsidiary of MBDA.
The missiles being developed for PAAMS are the Aster 15 and the Aster 30. It is expected, although not confirmed, that the UK Royal Navy will select only the longer range Aster 30. The Aster missile carries an inertial computer with datalink, an active J-band Doppler radar seeker and 15kg warhead. The speed of Aster 30 is Mach 4, and range is over 80km. The missile has manoeuvrability of up to 62g, achieved through the use of the EADS Aerospatiale PIF/PAF guidance system.
While the French/Italian PAAMS uses the Empar G-band radar, the UK PAAMS has the BAE SYSTEMS Sampson multi-function, dual-face active array radar operating at E/F bands. Each face of the array carries 2,5000 gallium arsenide transmit-and-receive modules, with an output of 25kW. BAE SYSTEMS has reconfigured Sampson to produce a near spherical design which retains the two arrays internally. Modes of operation include long- and medium-range search, surface search, high-speed horizon search, and high-angle search and track. Sampson uses digital adaptive beamforming which makes it highly resistant to electronic countermeasures. PAAMS uses a DCN Sylver A50 vertical launcher with eight cells. The Type 45 will have six Sylver VLS. The command and control system will be supplied by UKAMS, although Thales Airsys will build some of the core elements.
Alenia Marconi Systems, teamed with Radamec Defence Systems will provide the Electro-optical Gunfire Control System (EOGCS).
SENSORS
Wide-area long-range search is provided by the Alenia Marconi Systems S1850M radar operating at D-band, an enhanced version of the Thales Nederland (formerly Signaal) SMART-L. Raytheon Systems Ltd will supply the IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) system.
Ultra Electronics (with EDO Corporation of the USA) has been selected to provide the Type 45's Surface Ship Torpedo Defence (SSTD) system which includes the MFS-7000 bow-mounted medium frequency sonar, a development of the sonar supplied by EDO to the Brazilian Navy. The system will provide automatic warning of a torpedo attack and tactical advice on ship manoeuvres and the deployment of decoys to defeat the threat.
COUNTERMEASURES
Thales Sensors (formerly Racal Defence) will supply the Type 45抯 radar band electronic support measures (RESM) system. The RESM is devloped from Racal抯 Outfit UAT but with new signal processing and emitter identification technology.
The destroyer will also be fitted with a communications-band electronic support measures (CESM) system, which is yet to be contracted.
PROPULSION
The Type 45 will be powered by two WR-21 advanced cycle gas turbine engines with intercooler and recuperator (ICR) heat exchangers, which provides significant space and fuel savings. The recuperator recovers energy from the exhaust gases to increase fuel efficiency. Each engine will provide 25 MW. The engines will be built by a team led by Rolls-Royce and Northrop Grumman. Alsthom Power Conversion Ltd will provide other elements of the power and propulsion system, including the electric propulsion motors.