[转帖]介绍下船厂设计

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/04/29 23:22:07
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中国近代船厂早在</span><span lang="EN-US">19</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US">40</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代鸦片战争后就出现外国资本经营、清政府官办和民族资本经营等三类。上海原有船厂生产设施陈旧、简陋。解放后设计的船厂多数为军民结合,不少是修造结合。设计是从学习、吸收苏联技术,进行老厂改扩建开始,到独立设计制造舰艇、运输船、渔轮等新厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,承担</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项国外船厂设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代,改革开放后,广泛吸收日本和欧洲国家先进技术,重点对大、中型船厂进行技术改造,以提高综合造船能力,使船舶工业进入现代化行列。设计的大型船厂能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级巨型船。至</span><span lang="EN-US">1990</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,完成各系统船厂工程设计</span><span lang="EN-US">103</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项,其中总体工程</span><span lang="EN-US">55</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一、老厂改扩建设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为建立中国的船舶工业,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起在苏联专家指导下,对上海的江南、沪东、求新和芜湖、武昌等船厂进行改扩建工程设计,能装配制造苏联转让的舰艇。工程被列为船舶工业第一批重点建设项目。沪东造船厂,原是以修为主的小型修造船厂,使用铆接法制造驳船,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,扩建设计完整的造船区,厂区面积从</span><span lang="EN-US">14.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米扩大为</span><span lang="EN-US">35</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计按焊接造船法将船体放样、日用钢材库、钢料加工、分段装配焊接等工序组合在</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">栋船体联合车间内,缩短了生产流程。主厂房设计,为</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">168</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,是船舶工程第一座钢结构厂房,基础首次采用就地灌注复击混凝土桩。设计的造船区,按工艺流程布置船体、管子、电工、油漆、舾装等专业生产车间,还设计了建国后第一座下水重量</span><span lang="EN-US">1500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨机械化横向滑道,布置有</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座水平船台,结束了过去斜坡修造船没有正规造船台的历史。船台上首次设计有</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨门座式起重机,供船体分段及设备吊装。改扩建后,成批制造护卫舰和千吨级货轮。芜湖造船厂原是小船修理厂,为制造鱼雷快艇,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,规划设计造船区,厂区从</span><span lang="EN-US">5.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米扩大为</span><span lang="EN-US">10.4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计,采用苏联木材胶合工艺制造艇体,新设计的室内船台车间,采用固定工位和人员的流水定位造船法,成批制造艇体,用有轨小车运移。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">132</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。设计还利用原钢轨滑道改建为机械化纵横移船的两支点式下水滑道。改扩建后,成为快艇主要生产基地。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在各厂设计中,将传统铆接散装造船和落后的木船制造法转变为焊接分段和胶合木材工艺,并引进当时国外流行的自动焊和半自动焊、无损探伤、靠模和光电跟踪气割、钢板抛丸除锈等工艺设备,还根据不同产品因地制宜地选用纵向、横向等机械化舰船下水滑道。工程建成后,成批制造潜艇、护卫艇、猎潜艇、扫雷艇、鱼雷快艇等,满足海军建设急需。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1956</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,为海运需要沿海和远洋运输船,对江南、大连等船厂进行改扩建设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">1956</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,在江南造船厂扩建总体设计中,运用前两年设计技术,规划总体布局,厂区面积扩大到</span><span lang="EN-US">65</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计探索远洋船分段装配焊接,设计的船体联合车间,为</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个纵跨,总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">84</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,全长</span><span lang="EN-US">288</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,分为高低</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">段,高轨段配置</span><span lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨起重机,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。这是当时上海船舶工程中最大的造船主厂房,能在室内制造舰艇总段。还设计了</span><span lang="EN-US">5000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨和万吨级纵向船台,配设</span><span lang="EN-US">40</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨和</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨门座起重机。改扩建后,成批制造中型潜艇。</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代初期还制造了万吨级货船“东风号”,使历史悠久的老厂扩大了造船能力。同期设计的大连造船厂扩建工程,厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">42</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,按生产流程规划布置新造船区。造船船体车间</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个纵跨,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">3.4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座万吨级船台设计,配置</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨起重机</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">台。</span><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,开始制造国内第一艘万吨级远洋货船“跃进号”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二、新建厂设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,船厂设计从老厂改扩建转向新建工程,专业制造舰艇的有黄埔、渤海南北两大船厂。渤海造船厂原系苏联援建的</span><span lang="EN-US">156</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项重点工程之一。</span><span lang="EN-US">1960</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,苏联中止合同后,转为国内自行设计,在九院邓亲元主持下,总体设计厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">165</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计为高技术舰艇的艇体批量制造,设置分段和总装配焊接的专业跨间,总段在生产线上用小车运移。设计的造船车间,为大型钢结构厂房,并列</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨,跨度</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米和</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">168</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨行车,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,总面积</span><span lang="EN-US">40887</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米。室内船台跨间考虑了整艘舰艇移出和冬季采暖的需要,设计了整幅钢质电动横移大门,宽约</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、高</span><span lang="EN-US">25.73</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。厂房外供整艇机械化移行的横移坑,经改进设计,采用在平地轨道上移船新方案。苏联设计的舰艇下水用注水式船坞,经多次研究,革新为低注水式设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代后期,为制造具有国际影响的高技术舰艇调整设计。设计获</span><span lang="EN-US">1980</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年国家优秀工程设计奖。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,九院还组织综合性设计组,下楼出院分赴广东、广西、福建、江苏、浙江等省、自治区,为各系统各地发展修造船工业、规划和设计一批中、小型船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1959</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,设计的交通部南京金陵船厂,是第一批新建内河船厂。设计的厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">24.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,按修造船主要专业,设有</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房的船体加工和装配焊接车间,</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房的轮机车间等,建筑面积</span><span lang="EN-US">6.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。机械化移船横向梳式滑道,</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座水平船台和</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨室内船台,能成批修造</span><span lang="EN-US">3000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨以下船舶。在武汉青山等船厂设计中,针对传统铆接方法修造船体,生产厂房零星分散,手工作业多,只有单船位简易船台滑道,在斜坡上露天修造船等简陋状况,设计改用焊接工艺,组织专业性车间按生产流程规划布置。还根据各厂场地和水域条件,研究设计有纵向摇架式、纵向转盘式、横向高低腿式等多种形式船舶下水滑道和机械化移船的多船位船台,使中小型船厂面貌改观。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1960</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的广州黄埔造船厂,按流水线布置直线形船体装配焊接和室内造船车间。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨主厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">428</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,其中船台厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">180</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">33</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">2.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。为舰艇下水首次研究设计浮船坞接运下水设施。工程建成后,成批制造舰艇。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个厂的设计,组织专业化程度较高的船体制造工位和高大造船厂房,反映了当时大型船厂的先进造船技术。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">中国近代船厂早在</span><span lang="EN-US">19</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">世纪</span><span lang="EN-US">40</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代鸦片战争后就出现外国资本经营、清政府官办和民族资本经营等三类。上海原有船厂生产设施陈旧、简陋。解放后设计的船厂多数为军民结合,不少是修造结合。设计是从学习、吸收苏联技术,进行老厂改扩建开始,到独立设计制造舰艇、运输船、渔轮等新厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,承担</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项国外船厂设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代,改革开放后,广泛吸收日本和欧洲国家先进技术,重点对大、中型船厂进行技术改造,以提高综合造船能力,使船舶工业进入现代化行列。设计的大型船厂能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级巨型船。至</span><span lang="EN-US">1990</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,完成各系统船厂工程设计</span><span lang="EN-US">103</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项,其中总体工程</span><span lang="EN-US">55</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">一、老厂改扩建设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为建立中国的船舶工业,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起在苏联专家指导下,对上海的江南、沪东、求新和芜湖、武昌等船厂进行改扩建工程设计,能装配制造苏联转让的舰艇。工程被列为船舶工业第一批重点建设项目。沪东造船厂,原是以修为主的小型修造船厂,使用铆接法制造驳船,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,扩建设计完整的造船区,厂区面积从</span><span lang="EN-US">14.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米扩大为</span><span lang="EN-US">35</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计按焊接造船法将船体放样、日用钢材库、钢料加工、分段装配焊接等工序组合在</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">栋船体联合车间内,缩短了生产流程。主厂房设计,为</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">168</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,是船舶工程第一座钢结构厂房,基础首次采用就地灌注复击混凝土桩。设计的造船区,按工艺流程布置船体、管子、电工、油漆、舾装等专业生产车间,还设计了建国后第一座下水重量</span><span lang="EN-US">1500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨机械化横向滑道,布置有</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座水平船台,结束了过去斜坡修造船没有正规造船台的历史。船台上首次设计有</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨门座式起重机,供船体分段及设备吊装。改扩建后,成批制造护卫舰和千吨级货轮。芜湖造船厂原是小船修理厂,为制造鱼雷快艇,</span><span lang="EN-US">1954</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,规划设计造船区,厂区从</span><span lang="EN-US">5.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米扩大为</span><span lang="EN-US">10.4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计,采用苏联木材胶合工艺制造艇体,新设计的室内船台车间,采用固定工位和人员的流水定位造船法,成批制造艇体,用有轨小车运移。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">132</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。设计还利用原钢轨滑道改建为机械化纵横移船的两支点式下水滑道。改扩建后,成为快艇主要生产基地。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在各厂设计中,将传统铆接散装造船和落后的木船制造法转变为焊接分段和胶合木材工艺,并引进当时国外流行的自动焊和半自动焊、无损探伤、靠模和光电跟踪气割、钢板抛丸除锈等工艺设备,还根据不同产品因地制宜地选用纵向、横向等机械化舰船下水滑道。工程建成后,成批制造潜艇、护卫艇、猎潜艇、扫雷艇、鱼雷快艇等,满足海军建设急需。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1956</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,为海运需要沿海和远洋运输船,对江南、大连等船厂进行改扩建设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">1956</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,在江南造船厂扩建总体设计中,运用前两年设计技术,规划总体布局,厂区面积扩大到</span><span lang="EN-US">65</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计探索远洋船分段装配焊接,设计的船体联合车间,为</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个纵跨,总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">84</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,全长</span><span lang="EN-US">288</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,分为高低</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">段,高轨段配置</span><span lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨起重机,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。这是当时上海船舶工程中最大的造船主厂房,能在室内制造舰艇总段。还设计了</span><span lang="EN-US">5000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨和万吨级纵向船台,配设</span><span lang="EN-US">40</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨和</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨门座起重机。改扩建后,成批制造中型潜艇。</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代初期还制造了万吨级货船“东风号”,使历史悠久的老厂扩大了造船能力。同期设计的大连造船厂扩建工程,厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">42</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,按生产流程规划布置新造船区。造船船体车间</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个纵跨,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">3.4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座万吨级船台设计,配置</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨起重机</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">台。</span><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,开始制造国内第一艘万吨级远洋货船“跃进号”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">二、新建厂设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,船厂设计从老厂改扩建转向新建工程,专业制造舰艇的有黄埔、渤海南北两大船厂。渤海造船厂原系苏联援建的</span><span lang="EN-US">156</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">项重点工程之一。</span><span lang="EN-US">1960</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,苏联中止合同后,转为国内自行设计,在九院邓亲元主持下,总体设计厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">165</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。工艺设计为高技术舰艇的艇体批量制造,设置分段和总装配焊接的专业跨间,总段在生产线上用小车运移。设计的造船车间,为大型钢结构厂房,并列</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨,跨度</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米和</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、长</span><span lang="EN-US">168</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨行车,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,总面积</span><span lang="EN-US">40887</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米。室内船台跨间考虑了整艘舰艇移出和冬季采暖的需要,设计了整幅钢质电动横移大门,宽约</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米、高</span><span lang="EN-US">25.73</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。厂房外供整艇机械化移行的横移坑,经改进设计,采用在平地轨道上移船新方案。苏联设计的舰艇下水用注水式船坞,经多次研究,革新为低注水式设计。</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代后期,为制造具有国际影响的高技术舰艇调整设计。设计获</span><span lang="EN-US">1980</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年国家优秀工程设计奖。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1958</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,九院还组织综合性设计组,下楼出院分赴广东、广西、福建、江苏、浙江等省、自治区,为各系统各地发展修造船工业、规划和设计一批中、小型船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1959</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,设计的交通部南京金陵船厂,是第一批新建内河船厂。设计的厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">24.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,按修造船主要专业,设有</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房的船体加工和装配焊接车间,</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨厂房的轮机车间等,建筑面积</span><span lang="EN-US">6.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。机械化移船横向梳式滑道,</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">座水平船台和</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨室内船台,能成批修造</span><span lang="EN-US">3000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨以下船舶。在武汉青山等船厂设计中,针对传统铆接方法修造船体,生产厂房零星分散,手工作业多,只有单船位简易船台滑道,在斜坡上露天修造船等简陋状况,设计改用焊接工艺,组织专业性车间按生产流程规划布置。还根据各厂场地和水域条件,研究设计有纵向摇架式、纵向转盘式、横向高低腿式等多种形式船舶下水滑道和机械化移船的多船位船台,使中小型船厂面貌改观。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1960</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的广州黄埔造船厂,按流水线布置直线形船体装配焊接和室内造船车间。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨主厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">428</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,其中船台厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">180</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">33</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">2.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米。为舰艇下水首次研究设计浮船坞接运下水设施。工程建成后,成批制造舰艇。</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个厂的设计,组织专业化程度较高的船体制造工位和高大造船厂房,反映了当时大型船厂的先进造船技术。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三、“三线”建设、援外工程设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,船厂设计以“三线”新建工程为重点。设计的船厂分布在四川、广西、江西、安徽等省、自治区,按战备要求选择山区厂址,专业制造舰艇。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的广西西江造船厂,是首项“三线”船厂工程,专业制造快艇。总体设计厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">663</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩,其中山体占</span><span lang="EN-US">150</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩。工艺设计改造两个天然山洞,将艇体加工、造船台等布置在</span><span lang="EN-US">6747</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米洞体内。续建的二期工程设计,根据山体地形,分区布置艇体加工装配、舾装件、安装调试等</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个生产区,并采用总段造船法,将钢料库、加工、装配焊接等按工艺流程顺序组合在一栋厂房内,制造出艇体总段,缩短船台生产周期。</span><span lang="EN-US">1967</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的川东造船厂是批量制造舰艇重点工程,在</span><span lang="EN-US">1200</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩的厂区内,全是丘陵和冲沟,设计的厂房面临长江,水流急,水位差</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多米。工艺设计将船、机、电、舾装等专业车间分区相对集中,按生产流程和地形,劈坡填沟,布置成大环形。将高大的装配焊接厂房,分解成直线流程的多座车间。其中分段装配焊接厂房,长</span><span lang="EN-US">180</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米单跨,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">108</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,双跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">27</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。总段装配焊接厂房,长</span><span lang="EN-US">132</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">33</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米单跨,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。还设计有总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">96</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">23</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米的船台厂房,进行舰艇总装。在厂房外,设计有新颖的移船设施,将整个舰艇在大水池内纵横移位和旋转。同期设计的重庆造船厂等,也多地处丘陵山区,临江水位落差大,这给工程设计带来分散隐蔽布置、厂房基础处理和移船下水等技术难题。设计针对不同场地条件和各类舰艇的制造要求,研究解决了工程技术难点,各厂建成后,制造了一批历史上首次在江河上游生产的舰艇。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“三线”建设,虽满足了当时的战备要求,也造成基建、生产费用的增加和造船工业布局的不合理,留下了今后“三线”工程迁建的后患。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代,上海船厂设计的另一个重点是援外工程,包括成套援建阿尔巴尼亚、越南、朝鲜等国的船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1964</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,建成的越南海防造船厂是首项援外船厂工程,设计从考察、选厂、编制计划任务书、到参加施工指导的全过程。在工艺设计中,坚持采用中、小型船兼顾、修造结合、焊接造船的原则,组成船、机、电等专业性车间,配设成套通用性机床。工程建成后,制造</span><span lang="EN-US">1000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨级沿海货船,成为当时越南最大的修造船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,设计的援阿舰艇修理所,是修理钢质和铝质不同大小舰艇和鱼雷的多功能船厂,厂址处在海湾内的山坡和滩地上,面积仅</span><span lang="EN-US">45</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩。设计按照工程建设要快,工厂规模要小,重点突出,力求精干的要求。所以在现场考察阶段就进行了总体规划,设计布置了船、机、电、雷等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">栋组合厂房。工艺设计采用换件修理办法,设备配置按全厂一小套原则,将主要厂房紧凑布置在不同高程的场地上,建筑面积</span><span lang="EN-US">7367</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米,建成后能满足多种船舶修理的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US">1971</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,考察和设计的援朝船厂,是国家重点援外工程之一,要求工程在</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年内建成。设计在高惠中主持下,结合厂址选择,进行现场总体规划,核算主要车间规模和作好总体布局。按场地条件推荐水工工程量小、建设快的浮船坞接运下水方案,并建议打破常规,在总体规划基础上,将初步设计和施工图合为一阶段设计。主要生产设施建筑面积为</span><span lang="EN-US">25723</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米,其中室内船台厂房,单跨</span><span lang="EN-US">33.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">191</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。工程从选厂到投产仅</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个月。该工程设计人员刘雄魁、王瑞壁、周世民等获朝鲜二级国旗勋章。</span><span lang="EN-US">1968</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">1974</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,在战争环境下,</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">次赴越南舰艇修理厂进行现场设计,长达</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,设计人员在炮火下坚守岗位,长时间工作和生活在山洞坑道内,任务完成后,由越南授予李旭二级战功勋章,谢海荣、丁振芳、李映春、巫金山等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人三级战功勋章。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四、技术改造设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在“三线”船厂工程结束后,重点转向沿海船厂技术改造设计。特别是在</span><span lang="EN-US">1978</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年后,船舶工业贯彻对外开放政策,引进国外新技术,开拓和发展造船出口业务。为适应国内外船舶大型化和采用新技术的要求,九院对沿海</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家主要船厂进行技术改造。设计人员结合项目赴日本、欧美等先进造船国家考察,江南、沪东、大连、广州等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家船厂设计,采取向外国公司咨询或合作设计。在设计前期开展了工程建设可行性研究,进行市场预测和技术经济分析,讲求工程建设效益。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1974</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,分批对沪东、江南、上海、大连、广州等沿海主要船厂进行总体技术改造,设计结合国情,吸收国外</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代造船工艺技术和装备,发挥老厂潜力,提高综合造船能力。工艺设计按各厂不同条件有选择地应用新工艺和设备,船舶产品提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">被列为国家第一批重点技术改造项目的沪东造船厂,</span><span lang="EN-US">1984</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,在陆秀芳主持下完成总体设计,厂区面积为</span><span lang="EN-US">1031</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩,建设新的造船区。工艺设计采用国外现代化船厂适用的技术和装备,有机械化装卸的</span><span lang="EN-US">l.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米钢材库,两条钢材预处理流水线,</span><span lang="EN-US">7500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米船体分段机械化除锈涂装厂房。新设计船体车间组合厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">318</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">102</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万余平方米,配备高精度、高效率的各种数控、等离子、光电跟迹等钢板切割机和重力焊、气体保护焊等高效焊机。并设计了部件装配焊接流水线和平面分段装配焊接流水线。还采用在外场平台组合大分段和船体上层建筑整体制造等新工艺。车间全面采用预舾装技术,建立舾装件和管系集配中心,设置管子加工半自动流水线。还将船台滑道扩建为宽</span><span lang="EN-US">39</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级船。</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级舾装码头设有大面积后平台能通行</span><span lang="EN-US">150</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨平板车。工厂经改造后造船吨级从</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨,年造船能力从</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨,</span><span lang="EN-US">1987</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起已制造</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨远洋船和先进集装箱船出口国外。该设计获</span><span lang="EN-US">1993</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年国家优秀设计金</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">三、“三线”建设、援外工程设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,船厂设计以“三线”新建工程为重点。设计的船厂分布在四川、广西、江西、安徽等省、自治区,按战备要求选择山区厂址,专业制造舰艇。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的广西西江造船厂,是首项“三线”船厂工程,专业制造快艇。总体设计厂区面积</span><span lang="EN-US">663</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩,其中山体占</span><span lang="EN-US">150</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩。工艺设计改造两个天然山洞,将艇体加工、造船台等布置在</span><span lang="EN-US">6747</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米洞体内。续建的二期工程设计,根据山体地形,分区布置艇体加工装配、舾装件、安装调试等</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个生产区,并采用总段造船法,将钢料库、加工、装配焊接等按工艺流程顺序组合在一栋厂房内,制造出艇体总段,缩短船台生产周期。</span><span lang="EN-US">1967</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,九院设计的川东造船厂是批量制造舰艇重点工程,在</span><span lang="EN-US">1200</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩的厂区内,全是丘陵和冲沟,设计的厂房面临长江,水流急,水位差</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多米。工艺设计将船、机、电、舾装等专业车间分区相对集中,按生产流程和地形,劈坡填沟,布置成大环形。将高大的装配焊接厂房,分解成直线流程的多座车间。其中分段装配焊接厂房,长</span><span lang="EN-US">180</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米单跨,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">14</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">108</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,双跨各宽</span><span lang="EN-US">27</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。总段装配焊接厂房,长</span><span lang="EN-US">132</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,</span><span lang="EN-US">33</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米单跨,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。还设计有总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">96</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">23</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米的船台厂房,进行舰艇总装。在厂房外,设计有新颖的移船设施,将整个舰艇在大水池内纵横移位和旋转。同期设计的重庆造船厂等,也多地处丘陵山区,临江水位落差大,这给工程设计带来分散隐蔽布置、厂房基础处理和移船下水等技术难题。设计针对不同场地条件和各类舰艇的制造要求,研究解决了工程技术难点,各厂建成后,制造了一批历史上首次在江河上游生产的舰艇。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“三线”建设,虽满足了当时的战备要求,也造成基建、生产费用的增加和造船工业布局的不合理,留下了今后“三线”工程迁建的后患。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代,上海船厂设计的另一个重点是援外工程,包括成套援建阿尔巴尼亚、越南、朝鲜等国的船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1964</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,建成的越南海防造船厂是首项援外船厂工程,设计从考察、选厂、编制计划任务书、到参加施工指导的全过程。在工艺设计中,坚持采用中、小型船兼顾、修造结合、焊接造船的原则,组成船、机、电等专业性车间,配设成套通用性机床。工程建成后,制造</span><span lang="EN-US">1000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨级沿海货船,成为当时越南最大的修造船厂。</span><span lang="EN-US">1965</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,设计的援阿舰艇修理所,是修理钢质和铝质不同大小舰艇和鱼雷的多功能船厂,厂址处在海湾内的山坡和滩地上,面积仅</span><span lang="EN-US">45</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩。设计按照工程建设要快,工厂规模要小,重点突出,力求精干的要求。所以在现场考察阶段就进行了总体规划,设计布置了船、机、电、雷等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">栋组合厂房。工艺设计采用换件修理办法,设备配置按全厂一小套原则,将主要厂房紧凑布置在不同高程的场地上,建筑面积</span><span lang="EN-US">7367</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米,建成后能满足多种船舶修理的需要。</span><span lang="EN-US">1971</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">11</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,考察和设计的援朝船厂,是国家重点援外工程之一,要求工程在</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年内建成。设计在高惠中主持下,结合厂址选择,进行现场总体规划,核算主要车间规模和作好总体布局。按场地条件推荐水工工程量小、建设快的浮船坞接运下水方案,并建议打破常规,在总体规划基础上,将初步设计和施工图合为一阶段设计。主要生产设施建筑面积为</span><span lang="EN-US">25723</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米,其中室内船台厂房,单跨</span><span lang="EN-US">33.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">191</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。工程从选厂到投产仅</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">个月。该工程设计人员刘雄魁、王瑞壁、周世民等获朝鲜二级国旗勋章。</span><span lang="EN-US">1968</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">1974</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,在战争环境下,</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">次赴越南舰艇修理厂进行现场设计,长达</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,设计人员在炮火下坚守岗位,长时间工作和生活在山洞坑道内,任务完成后,由越南授予李旭二级战功勋章,谢海荣、丁振芳、李映春、巫金山等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">人三级战功勋章。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">四、技术改造设计</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在“三线”船厂工程结束后,重点转向沿海船厂技术改造设计。特别是在</span><span lang="EN-US">1978</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年后,船舶工业贯彻对外开放政策,引进国外新技术,开拓和发展造船出口业务。为适应国内外船舶大型化和采用新技术的要求,九院对沿海</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家主要船厂进行技术改造。设计人员结合项目赴日本、欧美等先进造船国家考察,江南、沪东、大连、广州等</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家船厂设计,采取向外国公司咨询或合作设计。在设计前期开展了工程建设可行性研究,进行市场预测和技术经济分析,讲求工程建设效益。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US">1974</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起,分批对沪东、江南、上海、大连、广州等沿海主要船厂进行总体技术改造,设计结合国情,吸收国外</span><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年代造船工艺技术和装备,发挥老厂潜力,提高综合造船能力。工艺设计按各厂不同条件有选择地应用新工艺和设备,船舶产品提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"><tbody><tr><td class="blue8"><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">被列为国家第一批重点技术改造项目的沪东造船厂,</span><span lang="EN-US">1984</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">月,在陆秀芳主持下完成总体设计,厂区面积为</span><span lang="EN-US">1031</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩,建设新的造船区。工艺设计采用国外现代化船厂适用的技术和装备,有机械化装卸的</span><span lang="EN-US">l.7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米钢材库,两条钢材预处理流水线,</span><span lang="EN-US">7500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">平方米船体分段机械化除锈涂装厂房。新设计船体车间组合厂房长</span><span lang="EN-US">318</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,总宽</span><span lang="EN-US">102</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,面积</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万余平方米,配备高精度、高效率的各种数控、等离子、光电跟迹等钢板切割机和重力焊、气体保护焊等高效焊机。并设计了部件装配焊接流水线和平面分段装配焊接流水线。还采用在外场平台组合大分段和船体上层建筑整体制造等新工艺。车间全面采用预舾装技术,建立舾装件和管系集配中心,设置管子加工半自动流水线。还将船台滑道扩建为宽</span><span lang="EN-US">39</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级船。</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级舾装码头设有大面积后平台能通行</span><span lang="EN-US">150</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨平板车。工厂经改造后造船吨级从</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨,年造船能力从</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨提高到</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨,</span><span lang="EN-US">1987</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年起已制造</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨远洋船和先进集装箱船出口国外。该设计获</span><span lang="EN-US">1993</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年国家优秀设计金质奖。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">经国务院批准被列为国家重点建设项目的大连造船厂新区,是为船舶工业发展制造</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级大型船舶而建设的现代化船厂工程。</span><span lang="EN-US">1984</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,在九院副总工程师魏彤云和李齐春主持下,开展可行性研究和完成总体设计。新区占地面积</span><span lang="EN-US">1240</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">亩,计划年造船能力</span><span lang="EN-US">76</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">~</span><span lang="EN-US">79</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万载重吨,能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万、</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级远洋船舶和大型海上石油钻井平台。工艺设计有机械化装卸的钢料库达</span><span lang="EN-US">3.3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万平方米,钢板和型材预处理流水线采用新颖程序控制装置。船体加工厂房</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨宽</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米和</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,长</span><span lang="EN-US">156</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,配备了数控切割机、水下等离子切割机、</span><span lang="EN-US">1500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨大型门式油压机等现代化设备。分段装配焊接厂房</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">跨宽</span><span lang="EN-US">36</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米和</span><span lang="EN-US">42</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,各设两台</span><span lang="EN-US">100</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨行车,轨高</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,配备各种高效焊接设备,并分设平面分段流水线。外场装配焊接采用立体分段建造法扩大分段预制尺度,重量可达</span><span lang="EN-US">500</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨。</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级大型造船坞是国内最大的船坞工程,跨坞配设吊运分段用龙门起重机,跨度</span><span lang="EN-US">182</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,高</span><span lang="EN-US">91</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,最大起重量</span><span lang="EN-US">900</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">吨。</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级舾装码头长</span><span lang="EN-US">400</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米,宽</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">米。</span><span lang="EN-US">1991</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年,工厂第一期工程竣工时,已制造</span><span lang="EN-US">9.5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨成品油船、</span><span lang="EN-US">11.8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨大型油船和海上钻井平台等产品出口国外。</span><span lang="EN-US">1994</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年建成,为国内当时最大的现代化船舶总装厂,能制造</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">万吨级巨型船。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在其他</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">家船厂技术改造设计中,也普遍采用现代化技术和装备,设计有电算中心。使主要船厂转入现代化技术轨道,综合造船能力成倍提高,产品升级换代,适应国际质量要求和技术标准。</span></p></td><td width="10"></td></tr></tbody></table><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0"><tbody><tr><td class="blue4" align="center"><br/></td></tr></tbody></table>
这个还真没人关心啊