超级军网爱好者拍摄到「福布斯-土壤」彩色图像[图]
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/28 13:51:02
爱好者拍摄到「福布斯-土壤」彩色图像[图]
十一月二十九日彩色图像
十二月二十八日彩色图像
如果愿意欣赏其他卫星与太空飞行器、视频、太空漫步、长征运载火箭，等等，欢迎访问Ralf Vandebergh的网站：
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .startje.be/vieuw.php?qid=357824
「福布斯-土壤」坠落预报图
一月十一日预报
一月十二日预报
一月十三日预报
据俄罗斯联邦航天局透露，「福布斯-土壤」可能明后天坠落。
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18548
爱好者拍摄到「福布斯-土壤」彩色图像[图]
十一月二十九日彩色图像
十二月二十八日彩色图像
如果愿意欣赏其他卫星与太空飞行器、视频、太空漫步、长征运载火箭，等等，欢迎访问Ralf Vandebergh的网站：
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .startje.be/vieuw.php?qid=357824
「福布斯-土壤」坠落预报图
一月十一日预报
一月十二日预报
一月十三日预报
据俄罗斯联邦航天局透露，「福布斯-土壤」可能明后天坠落。
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18548
外国爱好者真是太牛了。。
介个霸气！
萤火一号捏？
萤火一号捏？馒头隔夜馊了的 发表于 2012-1-14 13:02 ![]()
介个霸气！萤火一号捏？
别人的肚子里，这你不知道么？
介个霸气！萤火一号捏？
别人的肚子里，这你不知道么？
nimbostratus 发表于 2012-1-14 13:13 ![]()
别人的肚子里，这你不知道么？
俺当然知道{:soso_e141:}
别人的肚子里，这你不知道么？
俺当然知道{:soso_e141:}
八吨有毒燃料阿，北极熊这次丢大发了。
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达原始图像（一）
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达处理后图像（二）
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所TIRA (tracking and imaging radar) HF- 600 GHz 高频雷达。
四十九米直径雷达天线罩排名世界第一位。（一）
图片来源：
（一） h t t p : / / w w w .fhr.fgan.de/fhr/fhr_c1_de.html
（二） h t t p : / / w w w.russianspaceweb.com/phobos_grunt_reentry.html#1_14
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科十四日二十点三十分公布的「福布斯-土壤」坠落预计图
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为一月十五日十八点三十六分格林尼治标准时间到一月十六日两点二十四分
来源：
h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18562#
相关轨道数字：
1 37872U 11065A 12015.38974209 .05034823 12795-4 41823-4 0 3170
2 37872 051.4131 351.8689 0013326 307.2654 052.7779 16.51150762 10918
Epoch (UTC): 09:21:13, Sunday, January 15, 2012
Eccentricity: 0.0013326
Inclination: 51.4131°
Perigee height: 127 km
Apogee height: 145 km
Right Ascension of ascending node: 351.8689°
Argument of perigee: 307.2654°
Revolutions per day: 16.51150762
Mean anomaly at epoch: 52.7779°
Orbit number at epoch: 1091
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=37872&lat=35.25876&lng=53.95521&loc=Senman+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
This plot shows how the perigee height of Phobus Grunt has evolved over the given time period.
This plot shows how the apogee height of has evolved over the given time period.
This plot shows how the mean orbital height of has evolved over the given time period.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/OrbitHeight.aspx?satid=37872&startMJD=55870&lat=35.25876&lng=53.95521&loc=Senman+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
现场图片：
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=37872&lat=35.258769&lng=53.955214&loc=Senman+Simorgh+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
俄罗斯联邦航天局十五日二十点十五分格林尼治标准时间公布的「福布斯-土壤」坠落预计图
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为莫斯科时间一月十五日二十一点五十分到一月十五日二十二点三十四分。
返回预计中心点时间为二十二点〇八分，大西洋中部。
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18565
能安全返回大气层而降落的返回舱
只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达原始图像（一）
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达处理后图像（二）
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所TIRA (tracking and imaging radar) HF- 600 GHz 高频雷达。
四十九米直径雷达天线罩排名世界第一位。（一）
图片来源：
（一） h t t p : / / w w w .fhr.fgan.de/fhr/fhr_c1_de.html
（二） h t t p : / / w w w.russianspaceweb.com/phobos_grunt_reentry.html#1_14
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科十四日二十点三十分公布的「福布斯-土壤」坠落预计图
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为一月十五日十八点三十六分格林尼治标准时间到一月十六日两点二十四分
来源：
h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18562#
相关轨道数字：
1 37872U 11065A 12015.38974209 .05034823 12795-4 41823-4 0 3170
2 37872 051.4131 351.8689 0013326 307.2654 052.7779 16.51150762 10918
Epoch (UTC): 09:21:13, Sunday, January 15, 2012
Eccentricity: 0.0013326
Inclination: 51.4131°
Perigee height: 127 km
Apogee height: 145 km
Right Ascension of ascending node: 351.8689°
Argument of perigee: 307.2654°
Revolutions per day: 16.51150762
Mean anomaly at epoch: 52.7779°
Orbit number at epoch: 1091
来源： h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=37872&lat=35.25876&lng=53.95521&loc=Senman+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
This plot shows how the perigee height of Phobus Grunt has evolved over the given time period.
This plot shows how the apogee height of has evolved over the given time period.
This plot shows how the mean orbital height of has evolved over the given time period.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/OrbitHeight.aspx?satid=37872&startMJD=55870&lat=35.25876&lng=53.95521&loc=Senman+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
现场图片：
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=37872&lat=35.258769&lng=53.955214&loc=Senman+Simorgh+SLC&alt=0&tz=Iran
俄罗斯联邦航天局十五日二十点十五分格林尼治标准时间公布的「福布斯-土壤」坠落预计图
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为莫斯科时间一月十五日二十一点五十分到一月十五日二十二点三十四分。
返回预计中心点时间为二十二点〇八分，大西洋中部。
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18565
能安全返回大气层而降落的返回舱
只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-15 13:10
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达原始图像（一）
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科时间一月十五日二十二点十一分公布「福布斯-土壤」已在太平洋安全坠落
MOSCOW, January 15 (RIA Novosti)
22:11 15/01/2012
Doomed Russian Phobos-Grunt Mars probe that's been stuck in Earth orbit for two months has crashed down in the Pacific Ocean on late Sunday.
"Phobos-Grunt fragments have crashed down in the Pacific Ocean," Russia's Defense Ministry official Alexei Zolotukhin told RIA Novosti, adding that the fragments fell in 1,250 kilometers to the west of the island of Wellington.
The spacecraft fell at about 21:45 on Sunday Moscow time [17:45 GMT].
As of 20.15 Sunday, the spacecraft was moving in the near-Earth orbit with an altitude that varied between 113.8 km at perigee and 133.2 km at apogee, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said.
Phobos-Grunt, launched on November 9, was designed to bring back rock and soil samples from the Martian moon Phobos. However, it has been stuck in a so-called support orbit since its engines failed to put it on course for the Red Planet.
The head of Roscosmos, Vladimir Popovkin, previously said the probe would break up during reentry into the atmosphere and none of the fragments are likely to reach the Earth.
That includes the 13.5-tonne spacecraft’s 7.5 tons of fuel, which are stored in aluminum tanks that are bound to explode upon reentry.
According to NASA, Russia has failed in all 17 of its attempts to study the Red Planet close-up since 1960. The most recent failure before last month occurred in 1996, when Russia lost its Mars-96 orbiter during launch.
来源：h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/world/20120115/170769403.html
图片来源：h t t p : / / w w w .russianspaceweb.com/phobos_grunt_reentry.html#1_15
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为莫斯科时间一月十五日二十一点五十分到一月十五日二十二点三十四分。
返回预计中心点时间为二十二点〇八分，大西洋中部。
评论：俄罗斯联邦航天局预计还是差了五分钟。
俄航天部队：“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠入太平洋
02:20 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校15日向俄新社透露，俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠入太平洋。
佐洛图欣说：“根据航天部队司令部太空情况主要侦察中心的数据，‘火卫一-土壤’碎片的坠地点为太平洋水域。”
他进一步透露，航天器残骸于莫斯科时间21时45分坠落，地点在俄罗斯“进步”号货运飞船每次完成任务后坠入太平洋的区域。
监测信息表示，星际站残骸坠入惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。星际站残骸坠落地点和时间根据其轨道高度降低、太阳活动和大气状况而变化。俄罗斯行动小组一直以来都对“火卫一-土壤”脱离轨道的情况进行不间断的监控。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288814.html
“火卫一-土壤”残骸坠地 坠落地点说法不一
03:25 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 不同消息来源对俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠落地球的地点说法不一：俄火箭航天领域消息人士引述弹道学家的消息向俄新社透露，航天器残骸落入大西洋；而军方则称坠落地点为太平洋。
消息人士说：“星际站残骸落入东经310.7度、南纬18.2度的大西洋水域，距离巴西沿岸不远。”据弹道学家称，“火卫一-土壤”在莫斯科时间21时59分进入地球大气层。
而俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校15日早些时候则向俄新社透露，“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸莫斯科时间21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288888.html
俄弹道学家证实“火卫一-土壤”坠地中心点为巴西境内
04:20 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 俄火箭航天领域消息人士称，民用导弹学家小组的计算数据证明，“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠地碎片大面积分散，中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度。这些弹道学家此前负责预测星际站坠落情况。
该坐标位于巴西戈亚斯州。
此前有消息说，航天器残骸落入太平洋。
消息人说：“我们证实坠地中心点坐标，窗口中心点为莫斯科时间21时59分。最早的碎片坠落时间为21时40分，中心点为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度。窗口关闭时间为莫斯科时间22时20分。”
据他称，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288952.html
欧空局尚不确定“火卫一-土壤”坠地信息
06:01 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月16日电 欧空局（ESA）太空碎片办公室负责人海纳·克林克拉德（Heiner Klinkrad）向俄新社透露，该局专家暂时不掌握俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠落地球的信息；他们或将从美国宇航部门获取相关数据。
克林克拉德说：“我们并没有对‘火卫一-福布斯'坠入太平洋的信息进行独立确认。我们期待很快从美国人那里取得数据。”
俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校此前透露，“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸于莫斯科时间15日21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。然而，俄火箭航天领域消息人士随后引述弹道学家的消息向俄新社称，航天器残骸坠落地点并非太平洋。
据这名消息人士说，“火卫一-土壤”星际站碎片坠地的中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度，位于巴西戈亚斯州。
他指出，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
俄罗斯航天署尚未就航天器坠地发布官方消息。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43289030.html
美军方证实“火卫一-土壤”已坠地但未透露地点
06:32 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月16日电 美国军方证实俄罗斯"火卫一-土壤"星际站残骸确实已坠落地球，但未就坠落地点给出任何信息。
space-track.org网站刊登的美战略司令部数据称：“航天器在预期时段内坠落。”
美军方此前预测，“火卫一-土壤”将在格林尼治时间16时59分至17时47分（莫斯科时间20时50分至21时47分）进入大气层，但当时就未透露任何有关其可能坠落地点的信息。
欧空局（ESA）太空碎片办公室负责人海纳·克林克拉德（Heiner Klinkrad）16日早些时候向俄新社透露，该局专家暂时不掌握俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠落地球的信息；他们或将从美国宇航部门获取相关数据。
俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校此前称，"火卫一-土壤"星际站残骸于莫斯科时间15日21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。然而，俄火箭航天领域消息人士随后引述弹道学家的消息表示，航天器残骸坠落地点并非太平洋。
据这名消息人士说，“火卫一-土壤”星际站碎片坠地的中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度，位于巴西戈亚斯州。
他指出，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
俄罗斯航天署尚未就航天器坠地发布官方消息。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43289147.html
只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-15 13:10
德国弗劳恩霍夫高频物理和雷达技术研究所拍摄的雷达原始图像（一）
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科时间一月十五日二十二点十一分公布「福布斯-土壤」已在太平洋安全坠落
MOSCOW, January 15 (RIA Novosti)
22:11 15/01/2012
Doomed Russian Phobos-Grunt Mars probe that's been stuck in Earth orbit for two months has crashed down in the Pacific Ocean on late Sunday.
"Phobos-Grunt fragments have crashed down in the Pacific Ocean," Russia's Defense Ministry official Alexei Zolotukhin told RIA Novosti, adding that the fragments fell in 1,250 kilometers to the west of the island of Wellington.
The spacecraft fell at about 21:45 on Sunday Moscow time [17:45 GMT].
As of 20.15 Sunday, the spacecraft was moving in the near-Earth orbit with an altitude that varied between 113.8 km at perigee and 133.2 km at apogee, the Russian space agency Roscosmos said.
Phobos-Grunt, launched on November 9, was designed to bring back rock and soil samples from the Martian moon Phobos. However, it has been stuck in a so-called support orbit since its engines failed to put it on course for the Red Planet.
The head of Roscosmos, Vladimir Popovkin, previously said the probe would break up during reentry into the atmosphere and none of the fragments are likely to reach the Earth.
That includes the 13.5-tonne spacecraft’s 7.5 tons of fuel, which are stored in aluminum tanks that are bound to explode upon reentry.
According to NASA, Russia has failed in all 17 of its attempts to study the Red Planet close-up since 1960. The most recent failure before last month occurred in 1996, when Russia lost its Mars-96 orbiter during launch.
来源：h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/world/20120115/170769403.html
图片来源：h t t p : / / w w w .russianspaceweb.com/phobos_grunt_reentry.html#1_15
残骸坠落地球的窗口期预计为莫斯科时间一月十五日二十一点五十分到一月十五日二十二点三十四分。
返回预计中心点时间为二十二点〇八分，大西洋中部。
评论：俄罗斯联邦航天局预计还是差了五分钟。
俄航天部队：“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠入太平洋
02:20 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校15日向俄新社透露，俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠入太平洋。
佐洛图欣说：“根据航天部队司令部太空情况主要侦察中心的数据，‘火卫一-土壤’碎片的坠地点为太平洋水域。”
他进一步透露，航天器残骸于莫斯科时间21时45分坠落，地点在俄罗斯“进步”号货运飞船每次完成任务后坠入太平洋的区域。
监测信息表示，星际站残骸坠入惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。星际站残骸坠落地点和时间根据其轨道高度降低、太阳活动和大气状况而变化。俄罗斯行动小组一直以来都对“火卫一-土壤”脱离轨道的情况进行不间断的监控。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288814.html
“火卫一-土壤”残骸坠地 坠落地点说法不一
03:25 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 不同消息来源对俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸坠落地球的地点说法不一：俄火箭航天领域消息人士引述弹道学家的消息向俄新社透露，航天器残骸落入大西洋；而军方则称坠落地点为太平洋。
消息人士说：“星际站残骸落入东经310.7度、南纬18.2度的大西洋水域，距离巴西沿岸不远。”据弹道学家称，“火卫一-土壤”在莫斯科时间21时59分进入地球大气层。
而俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校15日早些时候则向俄新社透露，“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸莫斯科时间21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288888.html
俄弹道学家证实“火卫一-土壤”坠地中心点为巴西境内
04:20 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月15日电 俄火箭航天领域消息人士称，民用导弹学家小组的计算数据证明，“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠地碎片大面积分散，中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度。这些弹道学家此前负责预测星际站坠落情况。
该坐标位于巴西戈亚斯州。
此前有消息说，航天器残骸落入太平洋。
消息人说：“我们证实坠地中心点坐标，窗口中心点为莫斯科时间21时59分。最早的碎片坠落时间为21时40分，中心点为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度。窗口关闭时间为莫斯科时间22时20分。”
据他称，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43288952.html
欧空局尚不确定“火卫一-土壤”坠地信息
06:01 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月16日电 欧空局（ESA）太空碎片办公室负责人海纳·克林克拉德（Heiner Klinkrad）向俄新社透露，该局专家暂时不掌握俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠落地球的信息；他们或将从美国宇航部门获取相关数据。
克林克拉德说：“我们并没有对‘火卫一-福布斯'坠入太平洋的信息进行独立确认。我们期待很快从美国人那里取得数据。”
俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校此前透露，“火卫一-土壤”星际站残骸于莫斯科时间15日21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。然而，俄火箭航天领域消息人士随后引述弹道学家的消息向俄新社称，航天器残骸坠落地点并非太平洋。
据这名消息人士说，“火卫一-土壤”星际站碎片坠地的中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度，位于巴西戈亚斯州。
他指出，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
俄罗斯航天署尚未就航天器坠地发布官方消息。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43289030.html
美军方证实“火卫一-土壤”已坠地但未透露地点
06:32 | 2012-01-16
俄新网RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科1月16日电 美国军方证实俄罗斯"火卫一-土壤"星际站残骸确实已坠落地球，但未就坠落地点给出任何信息。
space-track.org网站刊登的美战略司令部数据称：“航天器在预期时段内坠落。”
美军方此前预测，“火卫一-土壤”将在格林尼治时间16时59分至17时47分（莫斯科时间20时50分至21时47分）进入大气层，但当时就未透露任何有关其可能坠落地点的信息。
欧空局（ESA）太空碎片办公室负责人海纳·克林克拉德（Heiner Klinkrad）16日早些时候向俄新社透露，该局专家暂时不掌握俄罗斯“火卫一-土壤”星际站坠落地球的信息；他们或将从美国宇航部门获取相关数据。
俄国防部航天部队发言人阿列克谢•佐洛图欣上校此前称，"火卫一-土壤"星际站残骸于莫斯科时间15日21时45分坠入太平洋，地点位于惠灵顿岛以西1250公里处。然而，俄火箭航天领域消息人士随后引述弹道学家的消息表示，航天器残骸坠落地点并非太平洋。
据这名消息人士说，“火卫一-土壤”星际站碎片坠地的中心点坐标为东经310.7度、南纬18.2度，位于巴西戈亚斯州。
他指出，星际站碎片散落的区域有可能十分广，既可能落入大洋，也可能坠至巴西境内。
俄罗斯航天署尚未就航天器坠地发布官方消息。
来源：h t t p : / / rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_keji/20120116/43289147.html
只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
坠落，又见坠落
俄毛去年悲剧了几次。
这么巧，又正好掉南太平洋
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-16 04:50
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科时间一月十五日二十二点十一分公布「福布斯-土壤」已在太平洋安全坠落
MOSCO ...
Роскосмос
О ситуации с космическим аппаратом 《Фобос-Грунт》
16.01.2012
В соответствии с прогнозом Роскосмоса космический аппарат (КА) 《Фобос-Грунт》 15 января 2012 года прекратил свое существование.
Падение остатков КА состоялось в указываемый ранее Рокосмосом временной интервал (с 21 час. 40 мин. мск по 22 час. 10 мин мск) и проходило, как предполагалось ранее, на заключительном 1097-ом зафиксированном витке космического аппарата над южной частью Тихого океана, Южной Америкой и Атлантическим океаном.
По данным Главного центра разведки космической обстановки космического командования Войск Воздушно-космической обороны в 21 час 45 минут мск космический аппарат прекратил свое существование в акватории Тихого океана, что совпадает с прогнозными данными Роскосмоса.
В районе падения космического аппарата 《Фобос-Грунт》 отсутствуют средства визуального и иного контроля. Вместе с тем данные, полученные с помощью средств контроля космического пространства, свидетельствуют об его отсутствии на орбите.
Пресс-служба Роскосмоса
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18568
Phobos-Grunt ‘completely burnt up’
Jan 16, 2012 16:44 Moscow Time
According to the Russian Space Agency, there is no evidence to suggest that fragments of the Phobos-Grunt space probe, which burned up in the upper atmosphere Sunday, have reached the Earth’s surface in any part of the world. The probe appears to have completely disintegrated.
There had been speculation that it might fall into the Pacific Ocean or Brazilian Amazonia.
来源：h t t p : / / english.ruvr.ru/2012/01/16/63950361.html
U.S. Radar May Have Damaged Russian Mars Probe - Paper
07:36 17/01/2012
A powerful electromagnetic emission from a U.S. radar in the Pacific could have caused the malfunctioning of the Russian Phobos-Grunt probe, the Kommersant daily said on Tuesday.
A Russian government investigation commission is considering several causes of the failure, including a short circuit or “external impact,” the paper said citing an unnamed source in the Russian space industry.
“Experts do not dismiss the possibility that the probe could have accidentally come under the impact of emissions [from a U.S. radar stationed on the Marshall Islands], whose megawatt impulse triggered the malfunctioning of on-board electronics,” the source said.
The source did not specify the type of the radar, but said it was monitoring the trajectory of an asteroid at the time of the Phobos-Grunt launch.
The source stressed that it was more likely an accident rather than a determined act of sabotage.
The government commission officials have refused to comment on the claim, Kommersant said.
The commission is expected to inform the head of the Russian Federal Space Agency Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin of the preliminary results of the investigation on January 20.
Popovkin earlier suggested that the inexplicable malfunction of the Russian spacecraft could have been caused by “interference from a foreign technical facility.”
The official results of the investigation will be made public on January 26, Kommersant said.
Phobos-Grunt, launched on November 9, was designed to bring back rock and soil samples from the Martian moon Phobos. However, it got stuck in a so-called support orbit after its engines had failed to put it on course for the Red Planet, and fell back on Earth late on Sunday.
According to NASA, Russia has failed in all 17 of its attempts to study the Red Planet close-up since 1960. The most recent failure before November accident occurred in 1996, when Russia lost its Mars-96 orbiter during launch.
来源：h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/russia/20120117/170793805.html
Amateur video of Russian Phobos-Grunt spaceship (no sound) [视频]
（0:40,3.63Mb）
h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/video/20120116/170784396.html
分析:海基X波段雷達超高功率對太空軌道航天器的影響
海基X波段雷達（SBX）是一種浮動式、有螺旋槳推進的機動雷達站，可以在大風大浪的情形下運作，是美國國家飛彈防禦系統（NMD）的一環。
海基X波段雷達安裝在一個挪威設計、俄國製造的第五代可半潛雙船體鑽油平台。鑽油平台的改造在德州AMFELS船場完成，雷達的製造和安裝在德州Kiewit船場完成。此雷達將部署在阿拉斯加艾達克島（Adak Island），但也可以漫遊太平洋以偵測彈道飛彈的入侵。
基本資料
• 平台長度: 116公尺（380英尺）
• 平台高度: 85公尺（280英尺）從龍骨至雷達罩頂端
• 價格: 九億美金
• 成員編制: 約75名
• 雷達探測距離: 未公佈
詳細介紹
此雷達包含許多小的雷達罩和一個重1814公噸（4百萬磅）的相位陣列雷達天線，此相位陣列雷達佔地384平方公尺，擁有超過3萬組傳送接收（T/R）模組，這些傳送接收模組大間格分佈，這種分佈方式使雷達可以追蹤極遠距離的目標，以支援戰區高高度區域防禦系統（THAAD）外大氣層目標導引所需，這個陣列雷達需要超過一百萬瓦的電力運作。
此雷達從神盾戰鬥系統使用的雷達變化而來，是美國飛彈防禦局（MDA）為防禦彈道飛彈而部署。此雷達與神盾系統的一個重要不同在於使用X波段雷達，神盾系統使用S波段雷達，愛國者飛彈系統使用C波段雷達。此平台是雷神公司的防衛系統部門為波音公司設計和製造的，波音公司是飛彈防禦局此計劃的主要合約商。
此平台是飛彈防禦局陸基中途防禦系統（GMD）的一部份，身為海基使得此平台可以移動到需要加強飛彈防禦的地區，因為地球曲率的關係，固定式雷達能含蓋的範圍有很大限制。
第一艘此類船隻將部署在阿拉斯加艾達克島，此島是阿留申群島的一部分，在這個位置她可以追蹤在北韓和中國上方的飛彈，雖然她的母港是在阿拉斯加，但她會被付予需要移動到太平洋各地完成的任務。
此雷達，按照飛彈防禦局局長崔·歐貝林（Trey Obering）中將的形容，可以從奇瑟比克灣追蹤在舊金山上方棒球大小的物體（距離約2900英里），此雷達將導引美國從阿拉斯加和加州發射的飛彈以及戰區內的資產。
從2002年開始，此系統已經完成六次成功攔截測試。
陸基中途防禦系統
陸基中途防禦系統（GMD）過去被稱為國家飛彈防禦系統（NMD），在2002年為了和其他的反飛彈計畫有所區分而改變稱呼，例如太空基和海基的攔截計畫，以及再入大氣層階段與加速階段彈道飛彈的攔截計畫（參見飛行階段）。
波音綜合國防系統集團是此計畫主要承包商，負責監督和整合其他分包商。陸基中途防禦系統的主要關鍵系統包括:
• 外大氣層截殺載具（EKV）- 雷神公司
• 陸基攔截器（GBI） - 洛克西德·馬丁公司
• 戰場管理指揮管制通訊系統（BMC3） - 諾斯洛普‧格魯曼公司
• 陸基雷達（GBR）
• 改良式早期預警雷達（UEWR）
• 前沿配置X波段雷達（FBXB）例如海基X波段雷達平台
The XBR Radar and SBX Platform
Raytheon’s giant XBR radar is a distant relative of the X-band radars used by police to detect speeding drivers, but designed to detect and illuminate incoming missiles instead. It floats on a system resembling an oil drilling platform, and will usually provide long-range mid-course guidance for ballistic missile defense systems. It can also provide earlier guidance if positioned correctly. The Sea-Based X-Band radar (SBX) that uses it was originally planned as a land-based system, but a sea-based system became possible when the George W. Bush administration withdrew from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
The XBR radar has been fitted to a huge mobile oil platform built by a Russian firm. It would normally steam out to offshore waters and be used as a base to drill oil and gas wells. Instead, SBX will steam at a top speed of about 7 mph and add a mobile element to the USA’s missile defense network.
The $815 million, mechanically-slewed, X-band phased array assembly is 280 feet (85 meters) tall, and weighs 2,400 tons. The radome alone weighs 18,000 pounds, stands over 103 feet high, and is 120 feet in diameter. Made entirely of a high-tech synthetic fabric, the radome is supported by air pressure alone, and is designed to withstand 130+ mph winds and a “100-year storm” at sea. This makes it far more durable than any air-supported radome of remotely comparable size, and its design and fabrication required development of several new processes, materials, and technologies.
New technologies have been developed within the radar as well. XBR leverages lessons learned on earlier radar programs, including the Ground-Based Radar – Prototype (GBR-P), located at Kwajalein in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the land-based AN/TPY-2 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) radar. Raytheon continued to work on design and manufacturing enhancements, including 3 iterations of cost and reliability improvements to Raytheon’s Gallium Arsenide Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which lies at the heart of its X-Band radar family. That’s good, because XBR uses over 45,000 T/R modules, and has a Physical Aperture of 384 m2 and Active Aperture of 248 m2. It provides 2-90 degree elevation coverage (not exactly vertical, can be tipped upward), and about 270 degrees of azimuth coverage (beam width profile). It scan a horizon of about 2,500 miles (4,000 km) at a sensitivity so great it could detect the movement of a baseball at the opposite end of the United States.
Information from SBX would go to the missile system nerve center in Colorado Springs, Colorado, which could then deploy defensive missiles from sites in Alaska and California. The radar’s position in the northern Pacific would allow it to keep an eye on North Korea, which is viewed as the greatest missile threat to the United States at present. Although homeported midway along the Aleutian Islands chain in Adak, Alaska, it will be capable of moving throughout the Pacific Ocean to support both missile defense advanced testing and defensive operations.
Initially, the SDX will provide the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) element of the Ballistic Missile Defense System with an advanced training and decoy discrimination capability that will help interceptor missiles located in Alaska and California provide a defense against a limited long-range missile attack.
Boeing Co. is GMD’s prime contractor, including the GMD missiles and overall integration of SBX. Raytheon is the primary subcontractor, with responsibility for the XBR radar. Tests of GMD intercept missiles thus far have been hit-or-miss, with close to half of the interceptors either not getting off the ground or missing the target. Naval launches of Raytheon’s SM-3 missile have had far more success, however, and the SBX has been used in a number of these launches as a collaborating element. Meanwhile, system development of the land-based GMD system continues.
NOTAM: A0601/08 - QXXXX SBX-1, A SURFACE VESSEL TESTING A HIGH POWERED
XBAND RADAR SYSTEM WILL BE OPERATING IN THE VICINITY OF 2700N/16300W.
THE VESSEL ALSO HAS A SEARCH RADAR ON BOARD FOR DETECTING AIRCRAFT
WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 81NM OF THE VESSEL. IF AIRCRAFT ARE DETECTED WITHIN
8.5 NMOF THE VESSEL TESTING OF THE HIGH POWERED RADAR SYSTEM WILL BE
SUSPENDED.
相关网页：
Floatin’ Smokey: The USA’s SBX Radar
h t t p : / / w w w .defenseindustrydaily.com/Floatin-Smokey-The-USAs-SBX-Radar-04804/
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Space Control
The Space Control mission develops technology that enables the nation's space surveillance system to meet the challenges of space situational awareness. Lincoln Laboratory works with systems to detect, track, and identify man-made satellites; performs satellite mission and payload assessment; and investigates technology to improve monitoring of the space environment, including space weather and atmospheric and ionospheric effects. The technology emphasis is the application of new components and algorithms to enable sensors with greatly enhanced capabilities and to support the development of net-centric processing systems for the nation's Space Surveillance Network.
Haystack Observatory in Westford, Massachusetts. The Haystack upgrade will enable inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in low Earth orbits with much higher resolution than possible with the current X-band radar. Shown here is the antenna radome being prepared for the cap to be removed so that the new antenna surface can be installed.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/mission/space/spacecontrol.html
LINEAR
Mission
Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) is an MIT Lincoln Laboratory program funded by the United States Air Force and NASA. The goal of LINEAR is to demonstrate the application of technology originally developed for the surveillance of Earth orbiting satellites, to the problem of detecting and cataloging near-Earth asteroids—also referred to as near-Earth objects (NEOs)—that threaten the Earth.
Data Collection Method
The project uses a pair of Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) telescopes at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) at the White Sands Missile Range in Socorro, New Mexico. The telescopes are equipped with Laboratory-developed charge-coupled device (CCD) electro-optical detectors and collected data is processed onsite to generate observations. Observations are then sent to the main Lincoln Laboratory facility at Hanscom AFB in Lexington, Massachusetts, where they are linked from night to night, checked, and sent to the Minor Planet Center (MPC). The MPC assigns designations to LINEAR's new discoveries of NEOs, comets, unusual objects, and main belt asteroids.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/mission/space/linear/
Haystack Radio Telescope
The Haystack 37-meter telescope is being upgraded by MIT Lincoln Laboratory to operate as a radar at 95 GHz. This will greatly enhance the capabilities of radio astronomy as well, opening the 85-115 GHz frequency range for our users. A PDF document detailing the coming upgrade can be accessed below. Operational capabilities are expected in 2012.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .haystack.mit.edu/obs/haystack/index.html
The Haystack Radar
The Haystack Radar is a high-power X-band radar. Like Millstone, Haystack is also a contributing sensor to the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, collecting radar data on space objects. These data are key in assisting NASA in developing models for orbital space debris. Part of the year, Haystack is used by the MIT Haystack Observatory as a radio-telescope to conduct single-dish radio astronomy in the 22–25 GHz, 35–50 GHz and 85–115 GHz frequency bands, and for very-long-baseline interferometry experiments. Haystack’s research facilities are used in various educational programs for graduate, undergraduate, and pre-college students.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/about/facilities.html#rfstf
Haystack Upgrade Program
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has recently initiated a major upgrade of the Haystack Radar in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts. The upgrade program is jointly sponsored by the United States Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and is being executed by Lincoln Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center of MIT.
MIT Lincoln Laboratory developed the Haystack facility in the 1960s as a step in the technological evolution of high-performance microwave systems. Haystack is now used for two purposes. Part of the year it is used by the MIT Haystack Observatory as a radio-telescope to conduct research and for education activities. As a radio-telescope, the Haystack antenna is used to conduct single-dish radio astronomy in the 22-25 GHz, 35-50 GHz and 85-115 GHz frequency bands, and for Very Long Baseline Interferometry experiments. The Haystack research facilities are also used in various education programs for graduate, undergraduate, and pre-college students. The pre-college outreach programs for the local middle and high school students enhance their interest in science, engineering, and mathematics, and contribute to the neighboring towns, the Commonwealth, and the Nation.
Haystack is also used by MIT Lincoln Laboratory as a radar which acts as a contributing sensor to the United States Space Surveillance Network and as a radar technology testbed. The Haystack Radar utilizes the 37 m Haystack antenna to generate radar images of satellites orbiting the Earth. These images are used by the United States Strategic Command to assess satellite structure, mission, and status. The radar is also used to collect data on orbiting space debris. Orbiting debris could be a threat to the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, and other satellites. The Haystack Radar has been the major contributor to understanding the space debris environment in the 1-10 cm size regime.
The Haystack Radar currently operates in the 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz frequency band. As part of the upgrade, a millimeter-wave radar that operates in the 92 GHz to 100 GHz frequency band will be added to the system. The new radar will use an innovative transmitter design and signal processing to achieve image resolution that is about 10 times better than what is currently available. The existing 37 meter (120 foot) antenna will be replaced by a new dish, accurate to 0.1 millimeter (0.004 inch) over its entire surface, which is a factor of 3 better than at present. The new antenna will permit the Haystack radio-telescope to operate in the 150 GHz range or higher, making it a premier radio-astronomy facility. L-3 ESSCO of Concord, MA, has been selected to design, fabricate, and install the new antenna.
The upgrade program is currently in the design stage and will be completed in 2009. In 2006, the 150 foot diameter Haystack radome will be temporarily lifted and set aside to permit the removal of the existing antenna and the installation of the new antenna. The new radar transmitter and processing system will be integrated and tested in 2007-2009. The final testing of the new radar will be completed in 2009. These modifications and upgrades will dramatically advance the state of the art in space surveillance technology and will allow Haystack to remain at the forefront of radio astronomy research facilities.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .haystack.mit.edu/obs/haystack/LincolnUpgrade.pdf
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只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-16 04:50
俄罗斯联邦航天局莫斯科时间一月十五日二十二点十一分公布「福布斯-土壤」已在太平洋安全坠落
MOSCO ...
Роскосмос
О ситуации с космическим аппаратом 《Фобос-Грунт》
16.01.2012
В соответствии с прогнозом Роскосмоса космический аппарат (КА) 《Фобос-Грунт》 15 января 2012 года прекратил свое существование.
Падение остатков КА состоялось в указываемый ранее Рокосмосом временной интервал (с 21 час. 40 мин. мск по 22 час. 10 мин мск) и проходило, как предполагалось ранее, на заключительном 1097-ом зафиксированном витке космического аппарата над южной частью Тихого океана, Южной Америкой и Атлантическим океаном.
По данным Главного центра разведки космической обстановки космического командования Войск Воздушно-космической обороны в 21 час 45 минут мск космический аппарат прекратил свое существование в акватории Тихого океана, что совпадает с прогнозными данными Роскосмоса.
В районе падения космического аппарата 《Фобос-Грунт》 отсутствуют средства визуального и иного контроля. Вместе с тем данные, полученные с помощью средств контроля космического пространства, свидетельствуют об его отсутствии на орбите.
Пресс-служба Роскосмоса
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .federalspace.ru/main.php?id=2&nid=18568
Phobos-Grunt ‘completely burnt up’
Jan 16, 2012 16:44 Moscow Time
According to the Russian Space Agency, there is no evidence to suggest that fragments of the Phobos-Grunt space probe, which burned up in the upper atmosphere Sunday, have reached the Earth’s surface in any part of the world. The probe appears to have completely disintegrated.
There had been speculation that it might fall into the Pacific Ocean or Brazilian Amazonia.
来源：h t t p : / / english.ruvr.ru/2012/01/16/63950361.html
U.S. Radar May Have Damaged Russian Mars Probe - Paper
07:36 17/01/2012
A powerful electromagnetic emission from a U.S. radar in the Pacific could have caused the malfunctioning of the Russian Phobos-Grunt probe, the Kommersant daily said on Tuesday.
A Russian government investigation commission is considering several causes of the failure, including a short circuit or “external impact,” the paper said citing an unnamed source in the Russian space industry.
“Experts do not dismiss the possibility that the probe could have accidentally come under the impact of emissions [from a U.S. radar stationed on the Marshall Islands], whose megawatt impulse triggered the malfunctioning of on-board electronics,” the source said.
The source did not specify the type of the radar, but said it was monitoring the trajectory of an asteroid at the time of the Phobos-Grunt launch.
The source stressed that it was more likely an accident rather than a determined act of sabotage.
The government commission officials have refused to comment on the claim, Kommersant said.
The commission is expected to inform the head of the Russian Federal Space Agency Roscosmos Vladimir Popovkin of the preliminary results of the investigation on January 20.
Popovkin earlier suggested that the inexplicable malfunction of the Russian spacecraft could have been caused by “interference from a foreign technical facility.”
The official results of the investigation will be made public on January 26, Kommersant said.
Phobos-Grunt, launched on November 9, was designed to bring back rock and soil samples from the Martian moon Phobos. However, it got stuck in a so-called support orbit after its engines had failed to put it on course for the Red Planet, and fell back on Earth late on Sunday.
According to NASA, Russia has failed in all 17 of its attempts to study the Red Planet close-up since 1960. The most recent failure before November accident occurred in 1996, when Russia lost its Mars-96 orbiter during launch.
来源：h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/russia/20120117/170793805.html
Amateur video of Russian Phobos-Grunt spaceship (no sound) [视频]
（0:40,3.63Mb）
h t t p : / / en.rian.ru/video/20120116/170784396.html
分析:海基X波段雷達超高功率對太空軌道航天器的影響
海基X波段雷達（SBX）是一種浮動式、有螺旋槳推進的機動雷達站，可以在大風大浪的情形下運作，是美國國家飛彈防禦系統（NMD）的一環。
海基X波段雷達安裝在一個挪威設計、俄國製造的第五代可半潛雙船體鑽油平台。鑽油平台的改造在德州AMFELS船場完成，雷達的製造和安裝在德州Kiewit船場完成。此雷達將部署在阿拉斯加艾達克島（Adak Island），但也可以漫遊太平洋以偵測彈道飛彈的入侵。
基本資料
• 平台長度: 116公尺（380英尺）
• 平台高度: 85公尺（280英尺）從龍骨至雷達罩頂端
• 價格: 九億美金
• 成員編制: 約75名
• 雷達探測距離: 未公佈
詳細介紹
此雷達包含許多小的雷達罩和一個重1814公噸（4百萬磅）的相位陣列雷達天線，此相位陣列雷達佔地384平方公尺，擁有超過3萬組傳送接收（T/R）模組，這些傳送接收模組大間格分佈，這種分佈方式使雷達可以追蹤極遠距離的目標，以支援戰區高高度區域防禦系統（THAAD）外大氣層目標導引所需，這個陣列雷達需要超過一百萬瓦的電力運作。
此雷達從神盾戰鬥系統使用的雷達變化而來，是美國飛彈防禦局（MDA）為防禦彈道飛彈而部署。此雷達與神盾系統的一個重要不同在於使用X波段雷達，神盾系統使用S波段雷達，愛國者飛彈系統使用C波段雷達。此平台是雷神公司的防衛系統部門為波音公司設計和製造的，波音公司是飛彈防禦局此計劃的主要合約商。
此平台是飛彈防禦局陸基中途防禦系統（GMD）的一部份，身為海基使得此平台可以移動到需要加強飛彈防禦的地區，因為地球曲率的關係，固定式雷達能含蓋的範圍有很大限制。
第一艘此類船隻將部署在阿拉斯加艾達克島，此島是阿留申群島的一部分，在這個位置她可以追蹤在北韓和中國上方的飛彈，雖然她的母港是在阿拉斯加，但她會被付予需要移動到太平洋各地完成的任務。
此雷達，按照飛彈防禦局局長崔·歐貝林（Trey Obering）中將的形容，可以從奇瑟比克灣追蹤在舊金山上方棒球大小的物體（距離約2900英里），此雷達將導引美國從阿拉斯加和加州發射的飛彈以及戰區內的資產。
從2002年開始，此系統已經完成六次成功攔截測試。
陸基中途防禦系統
陸基中途防禦系統（GMD）過去被稱為國家飛彈防禦系統（NMD），在2002年為了和其他的反飛彈計畫有所區分而改變稱呼，例如太空基和海基的攔截計畫，以及再入大氣層階段與加速階段彈道飛彈的攔截計畫（參見飛行階段）。
波音綜合國防系統集團是此計畫主要承包商，負責監督和整合其他分包商。陸基中途防禦系統的主要關鍵系統包括:
• 外大氣層截殺載具（EKV）- 雷神公司
• 陸基攔截器（GBI） - 洛克西德·馬丁公司
• 戰場管理指揮管制通訊系統（BMC3） - 諾斯洛普‧格魯曼公司
• 陸基雷達（GBR）
• 改良式早期預警雷達（UEWR）
• 前沿配置X波段雷達（FBXB）例如海基X波段雷達平台
The XBR Radar and SBX Platform
Raytheon’s giant XBR radar is a distant relative of the X-band radars used by police to detect speeding drivers, but designed to detect and illuminate incoming missiles instead. It floats on a system resembling an oil drilling platform, and will usually provide long-range mid-course guidance for ballistic missile defense systems. It can also provide earlier guidance if positioned correctly. The Sea-Based X-Band radar (SBX) that uses it was originally planned as a land-based system, but a sea-based system became possible when the George W. Bush administration withdrew from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
The XBR radar has been fitted to a huge mobile oil platform built by a Russian firm. It would normally steam out to offshore waters and be used as a base to drill oil and gas wells. Instead, SBX will steam at a top speed of about 7 mph and add a mobile element to the USA’s missile defense network.
The $815 million, mechanically-slewed, X-band phased array assembly is 280 feet (85 meters) tall, and weighs 2,400 tons. The radome alone weighs 18,000 pounds, stands over 103 feet high, and is 120 feet in diameter. Made entirely of a high-tech synthetic fabric, the radome is supported by air pressure alone, and is designed to withstand 130+ mph winds and a “100-year storm” at sea. This makes it far more durable than any air-supported radome of remotely comparable size, and its design and fabrication required development of several new processes, materials, and technologies.
New technologies have been developed within the radar as well. XBR leverages lessons learned on earlier radar programs, including the Ground-Based Radar – Prototype (GBR-P), located at Kwajalein in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the land-based AN/TPY-2 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) radar. Raytheon continued to work on design and manufacturing enhancements, including 3 iterations of cost and reliability improvements to Raytheon’s Gallium Arsenide Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, which lies at the heart of its X-Band radar family. That’s good, because XBR uses over 45,000 T/R modules, and has a Physical Aperture of 384 m2 and Active Aperture of 248 m2. It provides 2-90 degree elevation coverage (not exactly vertical, can be tipped upward), and about 270 degrees of azimuth coverage (beam width profile). It scan a horizon of about 2,500 miles (4,000 km) at a sensitivity so great it could detect the movement of a baseball at the opposite end of the United States.
Information from SBX would go to the missile system nerve center in Colorado Springs, Colorado, which could then deploy defensive missiles from sites in Alaska and California. The radar’s position in the northern Pacific would allow it to keep an eye on North Korea, which is viewed as the greatest missile threat to the United States at present. Although homeported midway along the Aleutian Islands chain in Adak, Alaska, it will be capable of moving throughout the Pacific Ocean to support both missile defense advanced testing and defensive operations.
Initially, the SDX will provide the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) element of the Ballistic Missile Defense System with an advanced training and decoy discrimination capability that will help interceptor missiles located in Alaska and California provide a defense against a limited long-range missile attack.
Boeing Co. is GMD’s prime contractor, including the GMD missiles and overall integration of SBX. Raytheon is the primary subcontractor, with responsibility for the XBR radar. Tests of GMD intercept missiles thus far have been hit-or-miss, with close to half of the interceptors either not getting off the ground or missing the target. Naval launches of Raytheon’s SM-3 missile have had far more success, however, and the SBX has been used in a number of these launches as a collaborating element. Meanwhile, system development of the land-based GMD system continues.
NOTAM: A0601/08 - QXXXX SBX-1, A SURFACE VESSEL TESTING A HIGH POWERED
XBAND RADAR SYSTEM WILL BE OPERATING IN THE VICINITY OF 2700N/16300W.
THE VESSEL ALSO HAS A SEARCH RADAR ON BOARD FOR DETECTING AIRCRAFT
WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 81NM OF THE VESSEL. IF AIRCRAFT ARE DETECTED WITHIN
8.5 NMOF THE VESSEL TESTING OF THE HIGH POWERED RADAR SYSTEM WILL BE
SUSPENDED.
相关网页：
Floatin’ Smokey: The USA’s SBX Radar
h t t p : / / w w w .defenseindustrydaily.com/Floatin-Smokey-The-USAs-SBX-Radar-04804/
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Space Control
The Space Control mission develops technology that enables the nation's space surveillance system to meet the challenges of space situational awareness. Lincoln Laboratory works with systems to detect, track, and identify man-made satellites; performs satellite mission and payload assessment; and investigates technology to improve monitoring of the space environment, including space weather and atmospheric and ionospheric effects. The technology emphasis is the application of new components and algorithms to enable sensors with greatly enhanced capabilities and to support the development of net-centric processing systems for the nation's Space Surveillance Network.
Haystack Observatory in Westford, Massachusetts. The Haystack upgrade will enable inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of satellites in low Earth orbits with much higher resolution than possible with the current X-band radar. Shown here is the antenna radome being prepared for the cap to be removed so that the new antenna surface can be installed.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/mission/space/spacecontrol.html
LINEAR
Mission
Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) is an MIT Lincoln Laboratory program funded by the United States Air Force and NASA. The goal of LINEAR is to demonstrate the application of technology originally developed for the surveillance of Earth orbiting satellites, to the problem of detecting and cataloging near-Earth asteroids—also referred to as near-Earth objects (NEOs)—that threaten the Earth.
Data Collection Method
The project uses a pair of Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) telescopes at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site (ETS) at the White Sands Missile Range in Socorro, New Mexico. The telescopes are equipped with Laboratory-developed charge-coupled device (CCD) electro-optical detectors and collected data is processed onsite to generate observations. Observations are then sent to the main Lincoln Laboratory facility at Hanscom AFB in Lexington, Massachusetts, where they are linked from night to night, checked, and sent to the Minor Planet Center (MPC). The MPC assigns designations to LINEAR's new discoveries of NEOs, comets, unusual objects, and main belt asteroids.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/mission/space/linear/
Haystack Radio Telescope
The Haystack 37-meter telescope is being upgraded by MIT Lincoln Laboratory to operate as a radar at 95 GHz. This will greatly enhance the capabilities of radio astronomy as well, opening the 85-115 GHz frequency range for our users. A PDF document detailing the coming upgrade can be accessed below. Operational capabilities are expected in 2012.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .haystack.mit.edu/obs/haystack/index.html
The Haystack Radar
The Haystack Radar is a high-power X-band radar. Like Millstone, Haystack is also a contributing sensor to the U.S. Space Surveillance Network, collecting radar data on space objects. These data are key in assisting NASA in developing models for orbital space debris. Part of the year, Haystack is used by the MIT Haystack Observatory as a radio-telescope to conduct single-dish radio astronomy in the 22–25 GHz, 35–50 GHz and 85–115 GHz frequency bands, and for very-long-baseline interferometry experiments. Haystack’s research facilities are used in various educational programs for graduate, undergraduate, and pre-college students.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .ll.mit.edu/about/facilities.html#rfstf
Haystack Upgrade Program
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has recently initiated a major upgrade of the Haystack Radar in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts. The upgrade program is jointly sponsored by the United States Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and is being executed by Lincoln Laboratory, a federally funded research and development center of MIT.
MIT Lincoln Laboratory developed the Haystack facility in the 1960s as a step in the technological evolution of high-performance microwave systems. Haystack is now used for two purposes. Part of the year it is used by the MIT Haystack Observatory as a radio-telescope to conduct research and for education activities. As a radio-telescope, the Haystack antenna is used to conduct single-dish radio astronomy in the 22-25 GHz, 35-50 GHz and 85-115 GHz frequency bands, and for Very Long Baseline Interferometry experiments. The Haystack research facilities are also used in various education programs for graduate, undergraduate, and pre-college students. The pre-college outreach programs for the local middle and high school students enhance their interest in science, engineering, and mathematics, and contribute to the neighboring towns, the Commonwealth, and the Nation.
Haystack is also used by MIT Lincoln Laboratory as a radar which acts as a contributing sensor to the United States Space Surveillance Network and as a radar technology testbed. The Haystack Radar utilizes the 37 m Haystack antenna to generate radar images of satellites orbiting the Earth. These images are used by the United States Strategic Command to assess satellite structure, mission, and status. The radar is also used to collect data on orbiting space debris. Orbiting debris could be a threat to the International Space Station, the Space Shuttle, and other satellites. The Haystack Radar has been the major contributor to understanding the space debris environment in the 1-10 cm size regime.
The Haystack Radar currently operates in the 9.5 GHz to 10.5 GHz frequency band. As part of the upgrade, a millimeter-wave radar that operates in the 92 GHz to 100 GHz frequency band will be added to the system. The new radar will use an innovative transmitter design and signal processing to achieve image resolution that is about 10 times better than what is currently available. The existing 37 meter (120 foot) antenna will be replaced by a new dish, accurate to 0.1 millimeter (0.004 inch) over its entire surface, which is a factor of 3 better than at present. The new antenna will permit the Haystack radio-telescope to operate in the 150 GHz range or higher, making it a premier radio-astronomy facility. L-3 ESSCO of Concord, MA, has been selected to design, fabricate, and install the new antenna.
The upgrade program is currently in the design stage and will be completed in 2009. In 2006, the 150 foot diameter Haystack radome will be temporarily lifted and set aside to permit the removal of the existing antenna and the installation of the new antenna. The new radar transmitter and processing system will be integrated and tested in 2007-2009. The final testing of the new radar will be completed in 2009. These modifications and upgrades will dramatically advance the state of the art in space surveillance technology and will allow Haystack to remain at the forefront of radio astronomy research facilities.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .haystack.mit.edu/obs/haystack/LincolnUpgrade.pdf
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• 热烈祝贺我最亲密老战友伟大朝鲜民主主义人民共和国再次作为世界第一名无光害大国！[图]
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• 西方智囊集团论述我解放军反卫星武器发展战略模式的理论与实践 [图]
• 谁说敌方「X-37B(OTV-2)」飞行器监视我“天宫一号”? 让咱们也监视监视它吧！[视频]
• 我「萤火一号」十一月九日变轨因敌方放射线武器干扰而失败 [视频] 已关闭
• 第一次公开透露：我军神秘沙漠基地新型分形天线系统终于被正确解密！[图]
• 热烈预祝伊朗与朝鲜实现孙悟空千年飞天梦想圆满成功！
只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-17 14:22
Роскосмос
О ситуации с космическим аппаратом 《Фобо ...
Среди версий о том, почему Россия потеряла межпланетную станцию 《Фобос-Грунт》, российские эксперты всерьез рассматривают разрушающее воздействие на электронику 《Фобоса》 мощного излучения американского радара, в зоне действия которого мог случайно оказаться аппарат в первые часы после старта, пишет 《Коммерсантъ》.
Сейчас специалисты рассматривают вариант физического сбоя или короткого замыкания в системе питания 《Фобос-Грунта》,— говорит источник 《Ъ》 в ракетно-космической отрасли.— 《Помимо этого есть и другие варианты, один из которых связан с внешним воздействием на станцию》.
По его словам, станция могла оказаться в зоне действия американского радара, установленного на атолле Кваджалейн (Маршалловы острова), который на тот момент отслеживал траекторию одного из астероидов. Конкретный тип радара при этом назван не был.
《Не исключается вариант, при котором станция случайно оказалась в зоне действия радара, вследствие чего под воздействием мегаваттного импульса произошел сбой в электронике. После она уже не смогла выдать команду на включение двигательной установки 《Фобоса》,— констатировал он, особо подчеркнув, что этот вариант развития событий рассматривается, естественно, как некий 《форс-мажор》》, а не как целенаправленное действие, пишет 《Газета.ру》.
- К.И.
What happened to Phobos-Grunt?
Jan 17, 2012 13:49 Moscow Time
Just when Russian scientists thought they could relax, the scandal around Phobos-Grunt doesn’t subside. First to report the entry of Phobos-Grunt was the Russian Minister of Defense, claiming that the spacecraft remains landed in the Pacific Ocean. After endless speculations of the expected crashing location, Roskosmos provide different results, saying that Phobos-Grunt reentry into the atmosphere was earlier than expected, which prevented them from having a clear record of the event. Today Roskosmos doesn’t have any official evidence of where exactly the descent of the spacecraft occurred.
来源：
Voice of Russia
h t t p : / / english.ruvr.ru/2012/01/17/64007287.html
Руководитель межведомственной комиссии по расследованию причин аварии с 《Фобос-Грунтом》 Юрий Коптев заявил, что версию о воздействии на аппарат излучения американских радаров проверят при помощи наземного эксперимента. Об этом он рассказал РИА Новости.
《Для того, чтобы ее проверить, будет проведен наземный эксперимент, в ходе которого блок с аппаратурой, аналогичной установленной на 《Фобос-Грунте》, будет подвергнут излучению суммарной мощности возможного непреднамеренного воздействия американских радаров》, - приводит агентство слова Коптева. Он также добавил, что эксперимент будет проведен в самое ближайшее время.
- К.И.
Ошибка программного обеспечения и последовавшие действия наземных служб, пытавшихся установить связь с космическим аппаратом 《Фобос-грун》, привели к его потере, сообщил 《Интерфаксу》 источник в комиссии, расследующей причины аварии российской межпланетной станции, после того как весь вторник в СМИ обсуждали версию о том, что 《Фобос》 мог вывести из строя американский радар.
《Наиболее вероятной версией случившегося является программная ошибка и последовавшие за ней действия наземных служб, приведшие к полной разрядке аккумуляторных батарей》, – сказал собеседник агентства.
По его словам, проведенные комиссией испытания оборудования в НПО имени Лавочкина показали, что центральный компьютер межпланетной станции после выведения на околоземную орбиту был перегружен. Это привело к сбою в его работе и потребовало перезагрузки компьютера, из-за чего межпланетная станция не выполнила маневр перехода на отлетную к Марсу орбиту.
В попытке установить связь с космическим аппаратом, сообщил собеседник агентства, наземными службами на 《Фобос-грунт》 была отправлена команда на включение передатчика дальней космической связи Х-диапазона (в связи с отсутствием передатчика для связи в ближнем диапазоне).
《Данный передатчик, потребляющий большое количество энергии, работал длительное время, израсходовав все запасы аккумуляторных батарей, но связаться с аппаратом у наземных служб никак не получалось из-за большой скорости его пролета над наземными станциями. Ситуацию осложнило и то, что аппарат длительное время находился в тени, не подзаряжая свои аккумуляторные батареи》, – пояснил собеседник агентства.
По его словам, полностью разрядив аккумулятор, космический аппарат перестал функционировать. Ранее во вторник вице-премьер Дмитрий Рогозин и другие специалисты, отвечающие за космическую отрасль, рассматривали версию о том, что электронику 《Фобоса》 мог вывести из строя американский радар на Маршалловых островах.
- К.И.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/news.shtml
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只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德
MahmoudClone 发表于 2012-1-17 14:22
Роскосмос
О ситуации с космическим аппаратом 《Фобо ...
Среди версий о том, почему Россия потеряла межпланетную станцию 《Фобос-Грунт》, российские эксперты всерьез рассматривают разрушающее воздействие на электронику 《Фобоса》 мощного излучения американского радара, в зоне действия которого мог случайно оказаться аппарат в первые часы после старта, пишет 《Коммерсантъ》.
Сейчас специалисты рассматривают вариант физического сбоя или короткого замыкания в системе питания 《Фобос-Грунта》,— говорит источник 《Ъ》 в ракетно-космической отрасли.— 《Помимо этого есть и другие варианты, один из которых связан с внешним воздействием на станцию》.
По его словам, станция могла оказаться в зоне действия американского радара, установленного на атолле Кваджалейн (Маршалловы острова), который на тот момент отслеживал траекторию одного из астероидов. Конкретный тип радара при этом назван не был.
《Не исключается вариант, при котором станция случайно оказалась в зоне действия радара, вследствие чего под воздействием мегаваттного импульса произошел сбой в электронике. После она уже не смогла выдать команду на включение двигательной установки 《Фобоса》,— констатировал он, особо подчеркнув, что этот вариант развития событий рассматривается, естественно, как некий 《форс-мажор》》, а не как целенаправленное действие, пишет 《Газета.ру》.
- К.И.
What happened to Phobos-Grunt?
Jan 17, 2012 13:49 Moscow Time
Just when Russian scientists thought they could relax, the scandal around Phobos-Grunt doesn’t subside. First to report the entry of Phobos-Grunt was the Russian Minister of Defense, claiming that the spacecraft remains landed in the Pacific Ocean. After endless speculations of the expected crashing location, Roskosmos provide different results, saying that Phobos-Grunt reentry into the atmosphere was earlier than expected, which prevented them from having a clear record of the event. Today Roskosmos doesn’t have any official evidence of where exactly the descent of the spacecraft occurred.
来源：
Voice of Russia
h t t p : / / english.ruvr.ru/2012/01/17/64007287.html
Руководитель межведомственной комиссии по расследованию причин аварии с 《Фобос-Грунтом》 Юрий Коптев заявил, что версию о воздействии на аппарат излучения американских радаров проверят при помощи наземного эксперимента. Об этом он рассказал РИА Новости.
《Для того, чтобы ее проверить, будет проведен наземный эксперимент, в ходе которого блок с аппаратурой, аналогичной установленной на 《Фобос-Грунте》, будет подвергнут излучению суммарной мощности возможного непреднамеренного воздействия американских радаров》, - приводит агентство слова Коптева. Он также добавил, что эксперимент будет проведен в самое ближайшее время.
- К.И.
Ошибка программного обеспечения и последовавшие действия наземных служб, пытавшихся установить связь с космическим аппаратом 《Фобос-грун》, привели к его потере, сообщил 《Интерфаксу》 источник в комиссии, расследующей причины аварии российской межпланетной станции, после того как весь вторник в СМИ обсуждали версию о том, что 《Фобос》 мог вывести из строя американский радар.
《Наиболее вероятной версией случившегося является программная ошибка и последовавшие за ней действия наземных служб, приведшие к полной разрядке аккумуляторных батарей》, – сказал собеседник агентства.
По его словам, проведенные комиссией испытания оборудования в НПО имени Лавочкина показали, что центральный компьютер межпланетной станции после выведения на околоземную орбиту был перегружен. Это привело к сбою в его работе и потребовало перезагрузки компьютера, из-за чего межпланетная станция не выполнила маневр перехода на отлетную к Марсу орбиту.
В попытке установить связь с космическим аппаратом, сообщил собеседник агентства, наземными службами на 《Фобос-грунт》 была отправлена команда на включение передатчика дальней космической связи Х-диапазона (в связи с отсутствием передатчика для связи в ближнем диапазоне).
《Данный передатчик, потребляющий большое количество энергии, работал длительное время, израсходовав все запасы аккумуляторных батарей, но связаться с аппаратом у наземных служб никак не получалось из-за большой скорости его пролета над наземными станциями. Ситуацию осложнило и то, что аппарат длительное время находился в тени, не подзаряжая свои аккумуляторные батареи》, – пояснил собеседник агентства.
По его словам, полностью разрядив аккумулятор, космический аппарат перестал функционировать. Ранее во вторник вице-премьер Дмитрий Рогозин и другие специалисты, отвечающие за космическую отрасль, рассматривали версию о том, что электронику 《Фобоса》 мог вывести из строя американский радар на Маршалловых островах.
- К.И.
来源：h t t p : / / w w w .novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/news.shtml
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• 我「萤火一号」十一月九日变轨因敌方放射线武器干扰而失败 [视频] 已关闭
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只要伊朗伊斯兰共和国革命军卫队挖到两千五百米特深，就肯定能对付敌方的入侵威胁，
将把地下军事设施挖到四千米超深，伊朗伊斯兰共和国一定能取得胜利！
——伊朗伊斯兰共和国总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德