什么毒柴柿油都是扯，石油才是王道——利比亚石油开抢（ ...

原创翻译，纽约时报链接http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/2 ... alth-begins.html?hp

The Scramble For Access To Libya’s Oil Wealth Begins
利比亚抢油大战开幕

Even before Libyan rebels could take full control of Tripoli, Foreign Minister Franco Frattini of Italy said on state television Monday that the Italian oil company Eni “will have a No. 1 role in the future” in the North African country.

利比亚反对派未登大位，意大利外长佛兰提尼已于周一在国家电视台宣布：意大利石油公司Eni将在这一北非国家扮演一号主角。

Mr. Frattini even reported that Eni technicians were already on their way to eastern Libya to restart production. But Eni quickly denied that it had sent any personnel to the still-unsettled region, which is Italy’s largest source of imported oil.

佛兰提尼甚至宣称Eni公司技术人员正在赶往利比亚东部，以恢复石油生产。Eni公司随即澄清他们未向战乱地区派出任何人员。利比亚是意大利进口石油的最大来源地。

The awkward exchange suggested that the scramble to secure access to Libya’s oil wealth is already on. Libyan production has been largely shut down during the long conflict between rebel forces and troops loyal to Libya’s leader, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi.

这一尴尬的嘴仗反映了围绕利比亚石油的争夺战已经打响。反对派和大卡之间久拖不决的冲突中，利比亚的石油生产基本上陷于停顿。

Eni, as well as BP of Britain, Total of France and OMV of Austria, were all big producers before the fighting and stand to gain the most once the conflict ends. American companies like Hess, ConocoPhillips and Marathon also made deals with the Qaddafi regime, although the United States relies on Libya for less than 1 percent of its imports.

战前，意大利的Eni、英国的BP、法国的Total以及奥地利的OMV是利比亚的产油大户，随着战事的结束，这些公司将成为最大的受益者。虽然美国所进口的石油不足百分之一来自利比亚，美国公司Hess, ConocoPhillips和Marathon等和大卡政权都有交易。

But it’s unclear whether a rebel government would honor the contracts struck by the Qaddafi regime.

目前尚不清楚反对派新成立的政府是否会承认大卡政权与外界达成的协议。

Even before taking power, the rebels were suggesting that they would remember their friends and foes, and negotiate deals accordingly.

在夺取政权之前，反对派就曾暗示他们将牢记住朋友和敌人，在合同谈判上会区别对待。

“We don’t have a problem with Western countries like Italians, French and U.K. companies,” Abdeljalil Mayouf, a spokesman for the Libyan rebel oil company Agoco, was quoted as saying by Reuters. “But we may have some political issues with Russia, China and Brazil.”

据路透社报道，利比亚反对派石油公司Agoco发言人称：＂意、法、英等西方国家的公司都没有问题，但与俄罗斯、中国、巴西可能会有一些政治问题。＂

Russia, China and Brazil did not back strong sanctions on the Qaddafi regime, and they generally supported a negotiated settlement to the fighting. All three countries have large oil companies that are seeking deals in Africa for oil reserves.

之前，俄、中、巴西没有力主对大卡政权实施制裁，他们主张通过谈判解决冲突。这三个国家均有大型石油公司在非洲寻求石油合同。

Before fighting broke out in February, Libya exported 1.3 million barrels of oil a day. While that is less than 2 percent of world supplies, only Nigeria, Algeria and a few other countries can supply equivalent grades of sweet crude that many refineries around the world depend on.

战事爆发前，利比亚每日出口石油一百三十万桶，虽不足全球供油量的百分之二，但所产的为世界多家炼油厂所依赖的低硫原油只有尼日利亚、阿尔吉利亚及其它少数国家可以提供。

The European benchmark price for oil fell moderately on Monday morning on speculation that Libyan oil production would quickly begin ramping up again. Brent crude oil prices initially dropped more than 3 percent, but in midafternoon trading in New York, Brent was at $107.60 a barrel, down $1.02. The American benchmark crude, which is less sensitive to events in the Middle East, was up slightly to $83.36.

周一晨，由于市场预测利比亚石油业将很快复产，欧洲原油价格小幅下跌…美国油价对中东局势不大敏感，小幅上扬…

Colonel Qaddafi proved to be a problematic partner for the international oil companies, frequently raising fees and taxes and making other demands. A new government with close ties to NATO may be an easier partner for Western nations to deal with. Some experts say that given a free hand, oil companies could find considerably more oil in Libya than they were able to locate under the restrictions placed by the Qaddafi government.
 
大卡被证实为一个麻烦的合作伙伴，在与国际油商的交易中，他经常提高许可费和税收，并提出其它的要求。对于西方国家而言，一个与北约紧密联系的新政府，也许更容易打交道。

The civil war forced major oil companies to withdraw their personnel, and production plummeted over the last several months to a minuscule 60,000 barrels a day, according to the International Energy Agency. That would account for roughly 20 percent of the country’s normal domestic needs. The rebels were able to export a modest amount of crude that was stored at ports, and sold it for cash on the international market through Qatar.

据国际能源局介绍，在过去几个月里，内战迫使大型石油公司撤出员工，石油产量猛跌至每日六万桶，仅为利比亚国内需求量的二成。反对派取道卡塔尔向国际市场供应了少量储存在港口的原油，以换取现金。

Oil experts caution that it could take as much as a year for Libya to make repairs and get its oil fields back to full speed, although exports may resume within a couple of months.

石油专家们提醒，虽然利比亚可在两三个月内恢复出口，但需要多达一年的时间对产油设置进行修复以实现全速生产。

Since oil is far and away Libya’s most important economic resource, any new government would be obliged to make oil production a high priority. That means establishing security over major fields, pipelines, refineries and ports, and quickly establishing relationships with foreign oil companies.

由于石油是利比亚最为重要的经济来源，任何新政府将视石油生产为重中之重，这意味着新政府将加强对主要油井、管道、炼油厂、港口的安保并快速建立与外国石油公司的联系。

Most oil companies involved in Libya denied to comment Monday or said they would wait to see how the security situation evolved before sending their personnel into the country.

周一，大多数与利比亚有往来的石油公司拒绝发表评论，或者说他们将视局势发展再考虑向利比亚派员。

“Clearly we are monitoring the situation like everyone,” said Jon Pepper, a Hess vice president. “Obviously the situation has to stabilize there before people start thinking about resuming production.”

美国Hess公司副总裁称：＂和其它公司一样，我们正关注当地局势，显然，在稳定之后大家才会考虑恢复生产。＂

Italy in recent years has relied on Libya for more than 20 percent of its oil imports, and France, Switzerland, Ireland and Austria all depended on Libya for more than 15 percent of their imports before the fighting began. Libya’s importance to France was underscored on Monday when President Nicolas Sarkozy invited the head of the rebels’ national transitional council, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, to Paris for consultations.

近年来，意大利进口的石油有超过二成来自利比亚，这一数字在法国、瑞士、爱尔兰和奥地利等国都超过了一成五。法国总统萨可奇周一邀请利比亚反对派全国过滤委员会主席访问巴黎，充分说明了利比亚对法国的重要性。

The United States does not rely on Libya for imports, but the reduction of high-quality crude on world markets has pushed up oil and gasoline prices for Americans as well.

美国虽不依赖利比亚石油，但是国际市场上优势原油的短缺同样推涨美国石油和汽油价格。

Oil analysts say that most reports from oil service companies, which continued to pay their Libyan crews through the war, indicate that there has been relatively little damage to oil facilities. That suggests that production could begin to ramp up in a matter of weeks. But it will probably take months for the country to resume significant exports.

石油分析家称从石油服务公司的报告推断，利比亚产油设置所受破坏较小，意味着产量可在数周内提高，但是，大规模出口尚需数月。

Eni’s chairman, Giuseppe Recchi, recently told analysts that it would probably take a year to return Libya to normal export levels. On Monday, he denied that his company would immediately send back personnel, but he told reporters that he expected the new Libyan government to respect his company’s previous contracts.

Eni主席最近向分析家们透露，恢复正常产量有可能需时一年。他在周一否认Eni会立即派出人员，但他相信利比亚新政府会遵守原有合同。

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原创翻译，纽约时报链接http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/2 ... alth-begins.html?hp

The Scramble For Access To Libya’s Oil Wealth Begins
利比亚抢油大战开幕

Even before Libyan rebels could take full control of Tripoli, Foreign Minister Franco Frattini of Italy said on state television Monday that the Italian oil company Eni “will have a No. 1 role in the future” in the North African country.

利比亚反对派未登大位，意大利外长佛兰提尼已于周一在国家电视台宣布：意大利石油公司Eni将在这一北非国家扮演一号主角。

Mr. Frattini even reported that Eni technicians were already on their way to eastern Libya to restart production. But Eni quickly denied that it had sent any personnel to the still-unsettled region, which is Italy’s largest source of imported oil.

佛兰提尼甚至宣称Eni公司技术人员正在赶往利比亚东部，以恢复石油生产。Eni公司随即澄清他们未向战乱地区派出任何人员。利比亚是意大利进口石油的最大来源地。

The awkward exchange suggested that the scramble to secure access to Libya’s oil wealth is already on. Libyan production has been largely shut down during the long conflict between rebel forces and troops loyal to Libya’s leader, Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi.

这一尴尬的嘴仗反映了围绕利比亚石油的争夺战已经打响。反对派和大卡之间久拖不决的冲突中，利比亚的石油生产基本上陷于停顿。

Eni, as well as BP of Britain, Total of France and OMV of Austria, were all big producers before the fighting and stand to gain the most once the conflict ends. American companies like Hess, ConocoPhillips and Marathon also made deals with the Qaddafi regime, although the United States relies on Libya for less than 1 percent of its imports.

战前，意大利的Eni、英国的BP、法国的Total以及奥地利的OMV是利比亚的产油大户，随着战事的结束，这些公司将成为最大的受益者。虽然美国所进口的石油不足百分之一来自利比亚，美国公司Hess, ConocoPhillips和Marathon等和大卡政权都有交易。

But it’s unclear whether a rebel government would honor the contracts struck by the Qaddafi regime.

目前尚不清楚反对派新成立的政府是否会承认大卡政权与外界达成的协议。

Even before taking power, the rebels were suggesting that they would remember their friends and foes, and negotiate deals accordingly.

在夺取政权之前，反对派就曾暗示他们将牢记住朋友和敌人，在合同谈判上会区别对待。

“We don’t have a problem with Western countries like Italians, French and U.K. companies,” Abdeljalil Mayouf, a spokesman for the Libyan rebel oil company Agoco, was quoted as saying by Reuters. “But we may have some political issues with Russia, China and Brazil.”

据路透社报道，利比亚反对派石油公司Agoco发言人称：＂意、法、英等西方国家的公司都没有问题，但与俄罗斯、中国、巴西可能会有一些政治问题。＂

Russia, China and Brazil did not back strong sanctions on the Qaddafi regime, and they generally supported a negotiated settlement to the fighting. All three countries have large oil companies that are seeking deals in Africa for oil reserves.

之前，俄、中、巴西没有力主对大卡政权实施制裁，他们主张通过谈判解决冲突。这三个国家均有大型石油公司在非洲寻求石油合同。

Before fighting broke out in February, Libya exported 1.3 million barrels of oil a day. While that is less than 2 percent of world supplies, only Nigeria, Algeria and a few other countries can supply equivalent grades of sweet crude that many refineries around the world depend on.

战事爆发前，利比亚每日出口石油一百三十万桶，虽不足全球供油量的百分之二，但所产的为世界多家炼油厂所依赖的低硫原油只有尼日利亚、阿尔吉利亚及其它少数国家可以提供。

The European benchmark price for oil fell moderately on Monday morning on speculation that Libyan oil production would quickly begin ramping up again. Brent crude oil prices initially dropped more than 3 percent, but in midafternoon trading in New York, Brent was at $107.60 a barrel, down $1.02. The American benchmark crude, which is less sensitive to events in the Middle East, was up slightly to $83.36.

周一晨，由于市场预测利比亚石油业将很快复产，欧洲原油价格小幅下跌…美国油价对中东局势不大敏感，小幅上扬…

Colonel Qaddafi proved to be a problematic partner for the international oil companies, frequently raising fees and taxes and making other demands. A new government with close ties to NATO may be an easier partner for Western nations to deal with. Some experts say that given a free hand, oil companies could find considerably more oil in Libya than they were able to locate under the restrictions placed by the Qaddafi government.
 
大卡被证实为一个麻烦的合作伙伴，在与国际油商的交易中，他经常提高许可费和税收，并提出其它的要求。对于西方国家而言，一个与北约紧密联系的新政府，也许更容易打交道。

The civil war forced major oil companies to withdraw their personnel, and production plummeted over the last several months to a minuscule 60,000 barrels a day, according to the International Energy Agency. That would account for roughly 20 percent of the country’s normal domestic needs. The rebels were able to export a modest amount of crude that was stored at ports, and sold it for cash on the international market through Qatar.

据国际能源局介绍，在过去几个月里，内战迫使大型石油公司撤出员工，石油产量猛跌至每日六万桶，仅为利比亚国内需求量的二成。反对派取道卡塔尔向国际市场供应了少量储存在港口的原油，以换取现金。

Oil experts caution that it could take as much as a year for Libya to make repairs and get its oil fields back to full speed, although exports may resume within a couple of months.

石油专家们提醒，虽然利比亚可在两三个月内恢复出口，但需要多达一年的时间对产油设置进行修复以实现全速生产。

Since oil is far and away Libya’s most important economic resource, any new government would be obliged to make oil production a high priority. That means establishing security over major fields, pipelines, refineries and ports, and quickly establishing relationships with foreign oil companies.

由于石油是利比亚最为重要的经济来源，任何新政府将视石油生产为重中之重，这意味着新政府将加强对主要油井、管道、炼油厂、港口的安保并快速建立与外国石油公司的联系。

Most oil companies involved in Libya denied to comment Monday or said they would wait to see how the security situation evolved before sending their personnel into the country.

周一，大多数与利比亚有往来的石油公司拒绝发表评论，或者说他们将视局势发展再考虑向利比亚派员。

“Clearly we are monitoring the situation like everyone,” said Jon Pepper, a Hess vice president. “Obviously the situation has to stabilize there before people start thinking about resuming production.”

美国Hess公司副总裁称：＂和其它公司一样，我们正关注当地局势，显然，在稳定之后大家才会考虑恢复生产。＂

Italy in recent years has relied on Libya for more than 20 percent of its oil imports, and France, Switzerland, Ireland and Austria all depended on Libya for more than 15 percent of their imports before the fighting began. Libya’s importance to France was underscored on Monday when President Nicolas Sarkozy invited the head of the rebels’ national transitional council, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, to Paris for consultations.

近年来，意大利进口的石油有超过二成来自利比亚，这一数字在法国、瑞士、爱尔兰和奥地利等国都超过了一成五。法国总统萨可奇周一邀请利比亚反对派全国过滤委员会主席访问巴黎，充分说明了利比亚对法国的重要性。

The United States does not rely on Libya for imports, but the reduction of high-quality crude on world markets has pushed up oil and gasoline prices for Americans as well.

美国虽不依赖利比亚石油，但是国际市场上优势原油的短缺同样推涨美国石油和汽油价格。

Oil analysts say that most reports from oil service companies, which continued to pay their Libyan crews through the war, indicate that there has been relatively little damage to oil facilities. That suggests that production could begin to ramp up in a matter of weeks. But it will probably take months for the country to resume significant exports.

石油分析家称从石油服务公司的报告推断，利比亚产油设置所受破坏较小，意味着产量可在数周内提高，但是，大规模出口尚需数月。

Eni’s chairman, Giuseppe Recchi, recently told analysts that it would probably take a year to return Libya to normal export levels. On Monday, he denied that his company would immediately send back personnel, but he told reporters that he expected the new Libyan government to respect his company’s previous contracts.

Eni主席最近向分析家们透露，恢复正常产量有可能需时一年。他在周一否认Eni会立即派出人员，但他相信利比亚新政府会遵守原有合同。

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