美国Glory地球大气探测卫星，Taurus XL 3110，3月4日（ ...

Glory 卫星 主要收集地球大气中黑炭和气溶胶含量，以及记录太阳黑子对地球大气的长期影响。
气溶胶主要来自汽车尾气，工厂，海洋，火山喷发等，另外，大面积的森林，海洋浮游生物，土壤微生物都是其来源。
之所以同时探测地球大气中的黑炭与气溶胶，是因为这两者在地球温室效应上起到一定的作用，比如硫酸盐气溶胶和海盐气溶胶，能反射太阳辐射，对降低温室效应有作用，但是黑碳气溶胶和其他类型的碳粒子，就会吸收太阳辐射，对地球温室效应是正贡献。

Taurus XL 火箭，主要执行近地轨道发射任务，运载能力3,000 磅。

<br /><br />这也太节省了吧？随便打个脚手架加个汽车吊就开干了。脚手架也不说搭高点，万一歪了连扶都没法扶。:dizzy:

看别的火箭，什么垂直组装车间、环抱式的多层移动勤务塔、高耸的发射架，唉，再看看这老兄，这待遇嘬差那么多呢？:Q<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=http://sdw.cc">
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看别的火箭，什么垂直组装车间、环抱式的多层移动勤务塔、高耸的发射架，唉，再看看这老兄，这待遇嘬差那么多呢？:Q<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; url=http://sdw.cc">
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Altitude/Inclination: 440 miles/98.2 degrees

进来看看有没有人算卦的？

回复 4# miaomiaomiao



这就是576-E全部家当

水平组装好，再吊装上去

Glory卫星在Orbital的研发、建造中心装箱。



卫星由公路运抵范登堡空军基地。



Glory卫星在Orbital的研发、建造中心装箱。



卫星由公路运抵范登堡空军基地。

本次发射还会带上来自蒙大拿州立大学、科罗拉多大学、Kentucky Space（一个来自肯塔基州的大学联合组织）的三颗小卫星，分别名为Explorer 1 Prime、Hermes、KySat-1，每颗都不超过2.2磅重。

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7ssZ-Lnaeg

Glory vs the Curse of the Black Carbon。NASA做的一个B movie电影预告片风格的视频。

这次是一箭四星吧，其他的载荷呢？？？？

长见识了

回复 12# lichen-031

十楼有哦。另三颗都是大学生的小卫星。

三个次要载荷都是Cutesat微卫星，标准尺寸，标准结构，边长大致是10cm，搭载不同的荷载。   

像这种Cutesat微卫星，国外现在一般用于技术验证、试验项目什么的，成本很低，作为次级载荷一年要发上去很多，经常是由毛子的第聂伯火箭之类的一箭多星的往上发。

回复  lichen-031

十楼有哦。另三颗都是大学生的小卫星。
西行寺幽々子 发表于 2011-2-19 22:54

三个次要载荷都是Cutesat微卫星，标准尺寸，标准结构，边长大致是10cm，搭载不同的荷载。   

像这种Cutesat微卫星，国外现在一般用于技术验证、试验项目什么的，成本很低，作为次级载荷一年要发上去很多，经常是由毛子的第聂伯火箭之类的一箭多星的往上发。

还是小火箭便宜

http://countdown.ksc.nasa.gov/elv/index-vafb.html

又是这个VAFB的live camera，不是很好用 =3= 我再找找

http://countdown.ksc.nasa.gov/elv/index-vafb.html

又是这个VAFB的live camera，不是很好用 =3= 我再找找

Timeline.

T+00:00         Liftoff
The first stage Castor 120 solid rocket motor is ignited and the Taurus rocket launches from pad 576E at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
T+01:25         Staging
After burning its solid-fuel propellant, the first stage is separated to fall into the Pacific Ocean. At the same time, the Orion 50SXLG solid rocket motor second stage is ignited.
T+02:50         Second stage jettison
Having completed its firing at T+plus 2:45, the second stage separates from the rest of the Taurus rocket. The spent stage falls into the Pacific Ocean.
T+02:52         Third stage ignition
The Orion 50XL solid rocket motor third stage ignites to continue the climb to orbit.
T+02:58         Jettison payload fairing
The payload fairing nose cone that protected the spacecraft during the atmospheric ascent opens like a clam shell and falls away from the rocket.
T+04:11         Third stage burnout
The Taurus rocket's third stage ends its burn after consuming all the solid-fuel propellant. A ballistic coast period now begins as the rocket heads toward the apogee of its final orbit.
T+05:15         Third stage separation
The spent third stage is separated from the Taurus rocket's upper stage in preparation for the final push to orbit.
T+09:58         Fourth stage ignition
The Taurus rocket's upper stage, an Orion 38 solid rocket motor to complete the powered flight for this launch, basically raising the perigee to achieve a circular orbit.
T+11:10         Fourth stage burnout
The fourth stage completes its firing after consuming all of its solid-fuel propellant, injecting the stage and attached payloads into the desired orbit around Earth.
T+13:05         Glory separation
NASA's Glory satellite is released into space from the rocket's upper stage to begin its climate-researching mission.
T+13:15         CubeSat separation
The three tiny cubesats are ejected from the special deployer box attached to the rocket's upper stage, completing the ninth flight of Taurus.

http://www.spaceflightnow.com/taurus/glory/status.html

文字直播。

http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html?param=public

貌似溅落区有艘船乱入了，已经通知它离开了，可以按时发射。

大约T-7 mins。

似乎切换到内部电源的时候有点问题。

倒数停在T-7 mins, 41 secs，on hold了。

推迟24小时。

明天NASA要发射这个、协调统筹ATV-2接驳ISS，STS-133发射，有的忙了。

西行寺幽々子 发表于 2011-2-23 18:06

似乎是T-7 mins, 44 secs。

明天的发射时间还是北京时间18:09:43。

发射主任出来解释了一下，在倒数到7分多的时候Vehicle Interface Control收到了一个“安全”信号（“问题解决，现在火箭安全，可以发射”之类的）。问题在于之前并没有发现问题，火箭一直是在安全状态的，地面人员正在调查为何会出现这样一个信息。

继续推迟，最早能在北京时间2月25日18:09发射。地面似乎仍然没有搞清楚为什么会收到那个信息。并且周五天气适合发射的几率只有40%。

Launch managers say the next attempt to fly the Taurus XL booster carrying NASA's Glory climate satellite won't come until at least Friday morning at 2:09 a.m. local (5:09 a.m. EST) from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

After this morning's scrub, officials initially preserved the option of trying again as early as Thursday morning.

But NASA says further time is necessary to understand and resolve the technical problem before heading into the next countdown. Moving the target day to Friday also ensures the team can get some rest before the overnight launch attempt.

The weather outlook for Friday's launch time gives only a 40 percent chance of acceptable conditions. Thick clouds will be the concern as a low pressure system impacts the Vandenberg area.

Temporarily suspended.

http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2011/feb/HQ_M11-056_Glory_Delay.html

NASA Assessing New Launch Dates For The Glory Mission


WASHINGTON -- Preparations for the launch of NASA's Glory mission from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California have been suspended temporarily. Engineers continue to troubleshoot a malfunction in ground support equipment associated with the Taurus XL rocket.

On Feb. 23, a false indication was received about the rocket's status after commands were sent approximately 15 minutes before launch to activate the Taurus.

"We had an indication that a 'hold-fire' command was sent when indeed it had not," said Omar Baez, NASA launch director.

The commands originated from the Vehicle Interface Control Console in the mobile launch support van stationed a few miles from the launch pad. The problem has not yet been isolated, and troubleshooting continues. Managers are evaluating possible Glory launch opportunities in early to mid-March.

"The Glory spacecraft is doing fine," reported Bryan Fafaul, Glory project manager from NASA's Goddard Space Flight in Greenbelt, Md. "We are continuing to slow charge the battery until we have a new launch date."

The Glory satellite will be launched aboard a Taurus on a mission to improve our understanding of how the sun and tiny atmospheric particles called aerosols affect Earth's climate. Glory launch management is provided by NASA's Launch Service Program at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Orbital Sciences Corp. is providing the Taurus XL launch vehicle and is responsible for spacecraft operations.

推迟到三月上旬到中旬。

http://www.spacenews.com/launch/110224-rocket-issue-pushes-glory-launch.html

WASHINGTON — NASA has temporarily suspended preparations to launch its Glory climate observation satellite after a malfunction occurred with the ground support equipment for the Taurus XL rocket that will carry the satellite into its polar orbit, the agency announced Feb. 24.

About 15 minutes before Glory was to launch Feb. 23, launch managers received a false indication about the status of the rocket, NASA said in a press release. The source of the problem has not yet been identified, and NASA is now evaluating possible launch opportunities in early to mid-March, it said.

The Glory satellite, built by Orbital Sciences Corp. of Dulles, Va., is designed to study solar irradiance and aerosol particles in the Earth’s atmosphere that are believed to be associated with global climate change.

The Taurus XL rocket, also built by Orbital Sciences, is making its return to flight two years after a launch failure that destroyed NASA’s Orbiting Carbon Observatory satellite.

Taurus XL 火箭的第二射，体系还不是很稳定。第一次射好像是前年，整流罩没分离，把轨道碳探测器给射丢了。

我想请教个问题，国外的发射经常推迟，在发射前一两天甚至几小时几分钟也会推迟（不过好像俄罗斯不太推迟）。但我国近几年的发射基本上都是预报后一两天就发射了（当然预报前肯定有推迟过），几乎没有推迟。这是为何呢？

推迟的因素很多，技术原因、天气等等。

像Taurus XL 火箭，这次就属于技术问题，这是个新火箭，仅仅是第二次发射，像这种新型号，磨合期技术问题比较容易出。还有就是航天飞机推迟也比较常见，体系复杂性比较高，服役年头也长了（复用度高，有老化问题），因技术原因的推迟比较常见。

还有一大类是天气原因，这个发射场位置关系很大，例如同样是MD的火箭，从佛罗里达发射碰上坏天气的概率就比在加州范登堡发射高的多。

对于成熟的火箭，磨合过很多年的，由于技术原因的推迟就比较少见，例如我国的长征和俄国的质子、联盟，都比较少有因技术原因的推迟。
同时，我国和俄国一些发射场地处戈壁内陆，天气状况比较稳定，也减少了因气象原因引起的推迟。   

PS: 实际上，在世界航天界，很多情况下，按时完成任务就是提前完成任务。不光临发射了会推迟，很多项目在大的时间点上都会拖延，包括嫦娥、北斗等等项目都是这样，只不过新闻不连贯，没有前后关系，不太被人注意。

我想请教个问题，国外的发射经常推迟，在发射前一两天甚至几小时几分钟也会推迟（不过好像俄罗斯不太推迟） ...
zjl625 发表于 2011-2-25 20:14

推迟的因素很多，技术原因、天气等等。

像Taurus XL 火箭，这次就属于技术问题，这是个新火箭，仅仅是第二次发射，像这种新型号，磨合期技术问题比较容易出。还有就是航天飞机推迟也比较常见，体系复杂性比较高，服役年头也长了（复用度高，有老化问题），因技术原因的推迟比较常见。

还有一大类是天气原因，这个发射场位置关系很大，例如同样是MD的火箭，从佛罗里达发射碰上坏天气的概率就比在加州范登堡发射高的多。

对于成熟的火箭，磨合过很多年的，由于技术原因的推迟就比较少见，例如我国的长征和俄国的质子、联盟，都比较少有因技术原因的推迟。
同时，我国和俄国一些发射场地处戈壁内陆，天气状况比较稳定，也减少了因气象原因引起的推迟。   

PS: 实际上，在世界航天界，很多情况下，按时完成任务就是提前完成任务。不光临发射了会推迟，很多项目在大的时间点上都会拖延，包括嫦娥、北斗等等项目都是这样，只不过新闻不连贯，没有前后关系，不太被人注意。

三个次要载荷微卫星，还是挺有意思的：

E1P (Explorer 1 Prime)

Explorer 1 [PRIME] (E1P) is a Montana Space Grant Consortium Cubesat-class satellite in development by the Space Science and Engineering Laboratory (SSEL) at Montana State University.

E1P是Cubesat级别微小卫星，隶属蒙大拿空间助学金联盟，由蒙大拿州立大学空间科技实验室（SSEL）研制。

Its mission is to detect the Van Allen radiation belts in honor of the 50th anniversary of Explorer-1, America's first satellite that first discovered the cloud of highly energetic electrons trapped in the Earth's magnetic field.

其任务是侦测Van Allen辐射带，以纪念50年前发现该辐射带的Explorer-1号卫星（此为美国的第一颗卫星）。

E1P will carry a miniature Geiger tube donated by Dr. Van Allen using it to measure the intensity and variability of these electrons in low earth orbit.

E1P带有一个由Van Allen博士捐赠的微型盖革计数器，用于测量低地球轨道上的高能电子密度与变化特性。

E1P will demonstrate software technology developed at SSEL that uses a popular chip radio to close a digital data link with standard ham radio hardware allowing people around the world to contact the satellite and download science and housekeeping data.

此外，E1P将演示由SSEL开发的软件技术，经由一个民用无线电模块，使各地的人们可以使用业余无线电设备进行数据通联、下载，

三个次要载荷都是Cutesat微卫星，标准尺寸，标准结构，边长大致是10cm，搭载不同的荷载。   

像这 ...
rolltide 发表于 2011-2-20 17:22

三个次要载荷微卫星，还是挺有意思的：

E1P (Explorer 1 Prime)

Explorer 1 [PRIME] (E1P) is a Montana Space Grant Consortium Cubesat-class satellite in development by the Space Science and Engineering Laboratory (SSEL) at Montana State University.

E1P是Cubesat级别微小卫星，隶属蒙大拿空间助学金联盟，由蒙大拿州立大学空间科技实验室（SSEL）研制。

Its mission is to detect the Van Allen radiation belts in honor of the 50th anniversary of Explorer-1, America's first satellite that first discovered the cloud of highly energetic electrons trapped in the Earth's magnetic field.

其任务是侦测Van Allen辐射带，以纪念50年前发现该辐射带的Explorer-1号卫星（此为美国的第一颗卫星）。

E1P will carry a miniature Geiger tube donated by Dr. Van Allen using it to measure the intensity and variability of these electrons in low earth orbit.

E1P带有一个由Van Allen博士捐赠的微型盖革计数器，用于测量低地球轨道上的高能电子密度与变化特性。

E1P will demonstrate software technology developed at SSEL that uses a popular chip radio to close a digital data link with standard ham radio hardware allowing people around the world to contact the satellite and download science and housekeeping data.

此外，E1P将演示由SSEL开发的软件技术，经由一个民用无线电模块，使各地的人们可以使用业余无线电设备进行数据通联、下载，

KySat 1

KySat-1, the first satellite ever built in Kentucky, is a cube shaped picosat-class CubeSat  satellite powered by solar energy, weighs 1 kg and measures 10cm on a side. Once KySat's on-board computers confirm its release into orbit, Kentucky Space ground controllers in Kentucky will operate the satellite for the duration of its expected 18-24 month mission. After proper operation is confirmed, KySat-1 will be made available to K-12 students throughout Kentucky, and the world, to allow them to issue select commands to the satellite and download the data received.

作为肯塔基州建造的第一颗卫星，KySat 1边长10cm，重1kg，是形如立方体的皮卫星，由太阳能驱动。
入轨后，卫星将由肯塔基当地人员控制执行18-24个月的任务。期间，卫星对肯塔基州k-12年级的学生开放，由他们选择指令信息、下载数据。



KySat 1

KySat-1, the first satellite ever built in Kentucky, is a cube shaped picosat-class CubeSat  satellite powered by solar energy, weighs 1 kg and measures 10cm on a side. Once KySat's on-board computers confirm its release into orbit, Kentucky Space ground controllers in Kentucky will operate the satellite for the duration of its expected 18-24 month mission. After proper operation is confirmed, KySat-1 will be made available to K-12 students throughout Kentucky, and the world, to allow them to issue select commands to the satellite and download the data received.

作为肯塔基州建造的第一颗卫星，KySat 1边长10cm，重1kg，是形如立方体的皮卫星，由太阳能驱动。
入轨后，卫星将由肯塔基当地人员控制执行18-24个月的任务。期间，卫星对肯塔基州k-12年级的学生开放，由他们选择指令信息、下载数据。

HERMES

Hermes plans to improve CubeSat  communications through the on-orbit testing of a high data-rate communication system that will allow the downlink of large quantities of data, making CubeSat imaging or high-data quantity science easily feasible.

Hermes卫星将对一套高带宽通讯系统进行在轨测试，以期提高CubeSat级别微卫星的通讯能力，使其能够胜任遥感及其他高数据量任务。

Another objective of the project is to create a reproducible and extensible spacecraft bus in the support of future missions. This will allow future CoSGC CubeSat teams to focus more on the science aspects of low-earth orbit spaceflight, rather than the logistics of designing a spacecraft.

项目的另一目标是：开发一套具有可复用性及可扩展性的通用卫星平台，这样未来的CubeSat 用户将可把精力集中于飞行器的科学载荷，而不是卫星平台支持系统。

Similarly, the final specified mission objective is to characterize the typical CubeSat environment. This will occur through the gathering of temperature and magnetic field data throughout the flight.

为此目的，Hermes还会收集任务期间的温度与磁场数据，从而确定典型的CubeSat卫星的工作环境。



HERMES

Hermes plans to improve CubeSat  communications through the on-orbit testing of a high data-rate communication system that will allow the downlink of large quantities of data, making CubeSat imaging or high-data quantity science easily feasible.

Hermes卫星将对一套高带宽通讯系统进行在轨测试，以期提高CubeSat级别微卫星的通讯能力，使其能够胜任遥感及其他高数据量任务。

Another objective of the project is to create a reproducible and extensible spacecraft bus in the support of future missions. This will allow future CoSGC CubeSat teams to focus more on the science aspects of low-earth orbit spaceflight, rather than the logistics of designing a spacecraft.

项目的另一目标是：开发一套具有可复用性及可扩展性的通用卫星平台，这样未来的CubeSat 用户将可把精力集中于飞行器的科学载荷，而不是卫星平台支持系统。

Similarly, the final specified mission objective is to characterize the typical CubeSat environment. This will occur through the gathering of temperature and magnetic field data throughout the flight.

为此目的，Hermes还会收集任务期间的温度与磁场数据，从而确定典型的CubeSat卫星的工作环境。

回复 36# rolltide


    谢谢解答！