中国空间实验室简介

来源:百度文库 编辑:超级军网 时间:2024/03/29 17:13:32
[B]Chinese Space Laboratory [/B]

In February 2003 the Chinese released a picture of a mock-up of their 'Space Laboratory'. This was to be orbited no earlier than 2010 by the largest member of the new CZ-5 launch vehicle. In the picture, the 20 tonne Space Laboratory consisted of a larger diameter module (4 to 5 m in diameter) with a single Russian APAS-style universal docking collar on the forward end. The aft smaller-diameter module was equipped with a large folding solar array. The larger module had portholes at the docking end, thrusters arranged about the outer surface, and was covered with white thermal blankets. It seemed to be designed, at least initially, for operation by a crew delivered by a single Shenzhou spacecraft, like the early Soviet Salyut space stations.

In April 1992 the Chinese leadership decided that an independent manned space program could be afforded. The State Council directed that a manned spacecraft be launched before the new millennium in order to establish China抯 place as one of the Great Powers. The Chinese National Manned Space Program was given the designation Project 921. The first portion, 921-1, was to be a manned space capsule with first flight by October 1999. The second stage, 921-2, was to be a manned space station. The third stage, 921-3, was a modern space-earth transportation system, using a delta winged orbiter, to be operational by 2020.

To launch the 921-1 and 921-2 spacecraft a new rocket using liquid oxygen and kerosene was proposed. This would eliminate the toxic propellants used in the existing CZ-2 family of rockets. Clustering of identical first stages would allow heavier payloads, such as the orbital laboratory, to be placed into orbit. The original 921-2 space station module had a total mass of 20 tonnes, a length of 15 m, and a diameter of 4.2 m. It was equipped with a Mir-like five-port docking section at the forward end. This would allow many such units to be assembled into a large space station complex. Span across the solar panels was 22 m.

The original Project 921 proposal was issued by the Shanghai Astronautics Bureau in October 1993 for inclusion in the Eight and Ninth Five Year Economic Plans. But the Chinese leadership did not approve that part of the program for development of the new liquid oxygen and kerosene rockets. Resources were put instead into the development of large solid motors for military use. Therefore space station plans were changed. Now a modular space station would have to be constructed using 8 to 12 tonne modules launched by CZ-2E or CZ-2E(A) boosters.

Authorisation to proceed with this modular 921-2 space station finally came in February 1999, with the first design review in May. A vacuum chamber with a diameter of 7 meters and a height of 12 meters had already been built to test the station.

The first model of the planned Chinese 921-2 space station were shown at Expo 2000 at Hannover. This was made up of modules that appeared to be stretched versions of the orbital module of the Shenzhou spacecraft. The model showed a station consisting of:


A node module, about 3 m long and perhaps as little as 2.2 m in diameter, equipped with six docking ports. Attached to two of them were large rotating solar panels (following the same principle as those on the Shenzhou).
At either end of the node, two long (8 to 10 m x 2.2 to 3.0 m) modules, each equipped with ten docking ports. Attached to these were what appeared to be an airlock or resupply module, a propulsion module, and a two-beam truss with parabolic antennae.

Overall length of the relatively modest station would be about 20 m, with a total mass of under 40 tonnes. However the large number of unused docking ports indicated substantial room for expansion.
In February 2001 it was decided to proceed with the new 'CZ-5' series of rockets. These were to begin flying in 2008, and would make possible the reinstatement of plans for a larger 20 tonne station module of up to 5 m diameter.

In June 2001 it was revealed that China would implement its space station project in three phases. Wang Yongzhi, the chief manned spaceflight engineer and designer, told a conference held in Beijing that the first phase would be consist of the Shenzhou - launch of single manned spacecraft over a series of unmanned and manned flights, demonstrating flight of Chinese astronauts in near-Earth orbit and their safe return to earth. In orbit the astronauts would conduct earth observations and space experiments. In the second phase spacewalks, rendezvous and docking tests would be conducted. A space laboratory would be orbited, but only man-tended on a short-term basis and left in an automated mode between visits. This was evidently a scaled-back version of the 921-2 station shown in model form at the Hannover exhibition. The third phase would involve the launch of a larger space laboratory. This would be permanently manned and be China's first true space station.

In March 2002 it was announced that the permanent space station would have a launch mass of 20 tonnes, and be launched by the new CZ-5 rocket series. Later that year it was indicated that the launch of this 20 tonne station would come no earlier than 2010, and possibly as much as 15 years later!

In December 2002 it was revealed that work had been underway on a robot arm for use on the station. A 20% scale model represented the fifth generation of prototypes of such arms built by Research Institute 502, the Beijing Institute of Control Engineering.



Project 921-2. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Nation: China.
Total Length: 11.0 m. Maximum Diameter: 4.5 m. Total Mass: 20,000 kg. Electrical System: Two solar panels, ca. 4 m x 15 m each.[B]Chinese Space Laboratory [/B]

In February 2003 the Chinese released a picture of a mock-up of their 'Space Laboratory'. This was to be orbited no earlier than 2010 by the largest member of the new CZ-5 launch vehicle. In the picture, the 20 tonne Space Laboratory consisted of a larger diameter module (4 to 5 m in diameter) with a single Russian APAS-style universal docking collar on the forward end. The aft smaller-diameter module was equipped with a large folding solar array. The larger module had portholes at the docking end, thrusters arranged about the outer surface, and was covered with white thermal blankets. It seemed to be designed, at least initially, for operation by a crew delivered by a single Shenzhou spacecraft, like the early Soviet Salyut space stations.

In April 1992 the Chinese leadership decided that an independent manned space program could be afforded. The State Council directed that a manned spacecraft be launched before the new millennium in order to establish China抯 place as one of the Great Powers. The Chinese National Manned Space Program was given the designation Project 921. The first portion, 921-1, was to be a manned space capsule with first flight by October 1999. The second stage, 921-2, was to be a manned space station. The third stage, 921-3, was a modern space-earth transportation system, using a delta winged orbiter, to be operational by 2020.

To launch the 921-1 and 921-2 spacecraft a new rocket using liquid oxygen and kerosene was proposed. This would eliminate the toxic propellants used in the existing CZ-2 family of rockets. Clustering of identical first stages would allow heavier payloads, such as the orbital laboratory, to be placed into orbit. The original 921-2 space station module had a total mass of 20 tonnes, a length of 15 m, and a diameter of 4.2 m. It was equipped with a Mir-like five-port docking section at the forward end. This would allow many such units to be assembled into a large space station complex. Span across the solar panels was 22 m.

The original Project 921 proposal was issued by the Shanghai Astronautics Bureau in October 1993 for inclusion in the Eight and Ninth Five Year Economic Plans. But the Chinese leadership did not approve that part of the program for development of the new liquid oxygen and kerosene rockets. Resources were put instead into the development of large solid motors for military use. Therefore space station plans were changed. Now a modular space station would have to be constructed using 8 to 12 tonne modules launched by CZ-2E or CZ-2E(A) boosters.

Authorisation to proceed with this modular 921-2 space station finally came in February 1999, with the first design review in May. A vacuum chamber with a diameter of 7 meters and a height of 12 meters had already been built to test the station.

The first model of the planned Chinese 921-2 space station were shown at Expo 2000 at Hannover. This was made up of modules that appeared to be stretched versions of the orbital module of the Shenzhou spacecraft. The model showed a station consisting of:


A node module, about 3 m long and perhaps as little as 2.2 m in diameter, equipped with six docking ports. Attached to two of them were large rotating solar panels (following the same principle as those on the Shenzhou).
At either end of the node, two long (8 to 10 m x 2.2 to 3.0 m) modules, each equipped with ten docking ports. Attached to these were what appeared to be an airlock or resupply module, a propulsion module, and a two-beam truss with parabolic antennae.

Overall length of the relatively modest station would be about 20 m, with a total mass of under 40 tonnes. However the large number of unused docking ports indicated substantial room for expansion.
In February 2001 it was decided to proceed with the new 'CZ-5' series of rockets. These were to begin flying in 2008, and would make possible the reinstatement of plans for a larger 20 tonne station module of up to 5 m diameter.

In June 2001 it was revealed that China would implement its space station project in three phases. Wang Yongzhi, the chief manned spaceflight engineer and designer, told a conference held in Beijing that the first phase would be consist of the Shenzhou - launch of single manned spacecraft over a series of unmanned and manned flights, demonstrating flight of Chinese astronauts in near-Earth orbit and their safe return to earth. In orbit the astronauts would conduct earth observations and space experiments. In the second phase spacewalks, rendezvous and docking tests would be conducted. A space laboratory would be orbited, but only man-tended on a short-term basis and left in an automated mode between visits. This was evidently a scaled-back version of the 921-2 station shown in model form at the Hannover exhibition. The third phase would involve the launch of a larger space laboratory. This would be permanently manned and be China's first true space station.

In March 2002 it was announced that the permanent space station would have a launch mass of 20 tonnes, and be launched by the new CZ-5 rocket series. Later that year it was indicated that the launch of this 20 tonne station would come no earlier than 2010, and possibly as much as 15 years later!

In December 2002 it was revealed that work had been underway on a robot arm for use on the station. A 20% scale model represented the fifth generation of prototypes of such arms built by Research Institute 502, the Beijing Institute of Control Engineering.



Project 921-2. Class: Manned. Type: Space station. Nation: China.
Total Length: 11.0 m. Maximum Diameter: 4.5 m. Total Mass: 20,000 kg. Electrical System: Two solar panels, ca. 4 m x 15 m each.
(1)In February 2003 the Chinese released a picture of a mock-up of their 'Space Laboratory'. This was to be orbited no earlier than 2010 by the largest member of the new CZ-5 launch vehicle. In the picture, the 20 tonne Space Laboratory consisted of a larger diameter module (4 to 5 m in diameter) with a single Russian APAS-style(异体同构周边式机构) universal docking collar on the forward end. The aft smaller-diameter module was equipped with a large folding solar array. The larger module had portholes at the docking end, thrusters arranged about the outer surface, and was covered with white thermal blankets. It seemed to be designed, at least initially, for operation by a crew delivered by a single Shenzhou spacecraft, like the early Soviet Salyut space stations.

2003年2月,中国发布一张“空间实验室”的模型,该实验室将在2010年前使用“长征-5”运载火箭发射.从图片中我们可以看出,这个 20 吨重的空间实验室的主体为一大直径(4 到 5 米)的空间仓,在其前端有一个俄试Russian APAS-style(异体同构周边式机构??) universal docking collar。尾部直径较小的仓内有可折叠式的太阳能电池板。舷窗在较大的空间仓底端,推进器则安排在仓外,由白色的隔热层覆盖。从该空间站的设计来看,这个空间实验室与苏联的礼炮号空间站类似,只能与一个神舟飞船对接,至少最初的设计是这样的。

(2)In April 1992 the Chinese leadership decided that an independent manned space program could be afforded. The State Council directed that a manned spacecraft be launched before the new millennium in order to establish China抯 place as one of the Great Powers. The Chinese National Manned Space Program was given the designation Project 921. The first portion, 921-1, was to be a manned space capsule with first flight by October 1999. The second stage, 921-2, was to be a manned space station. The third stage, 921-3, was a modern space-earth transportation system, using a delta winged orbiter, to be operational by 2020.

1992年4月,中国领导层认为独立发展载人航天的时机已经成熟。国务院指示,为了中国的强国地位,要在新千年前发射载人飞行器。并将中国国家载人航天计划命名为 921 工程。工程第一步(921-1)是1999年10月的载人飞行器的首飞,第二步(921-2)的目标是建立有人空间站,第三步(921-3),在2020年前建立一个依靠有翼空天飞行器的现代化空天运载系统


三院兄,Russian APAS-style universal docking collar 是否为空间实验室的什么东西?该如何翻译之???
[此贴子已经被作者于2003-4-28 22:45:07编辑过]
[此贴子已经被作者于2003-4-29 7:57:18编辑过]
In June 2001 it was revealed that China would implement its space station project in three phases. Wang Yongzhi, the chief manned spaceflight engineer and designer, told a conference held in Beijing that the first phase would be consist of the Shenzhou - launch of single manned spacecraft over a series of unmanned and manned flights, emonstrating flight of Chinese astronauts in near-Earth orbit and their safe return to earth. In orbit the astronauts would conduct earth observations and space experiments. In the second phase spacewalks, rendezvous and docking tests would be conducted. A space laboratory would be orbited, but only man-tended on a short-term basis and left in an automated mode between visits. This was evidently a scaled-back version of the 921-2 station shown in model form at the Hannover exhibition. The third phase would involve the launch of a larger space laboratory. This would be permanently manned and be China's first true space station.

In March 2002 it was announced that the permanent space station would have a launch mass of 20 tonnes, and be launched by the new CZ-5 rocket series. Later that year it was indicated that the launch of this 20 tonne station would come no earlier than 2010, and possibly as much as 15 years later!

In December 2002 it was revealed that work had been underway on a robot arm for use on the station. A 20% scale model represented the fifth generation of prototypes of such arms built by Research Institute 502, the Beijing Institute of Control Engineering.

2001年6月,据透露中国的空间站计划将分3阶段完成。 王永志,首席载人航天工程师和设计师,在北京举行的一个会议上透露,第一阶段包括神州号单人宇宙飞船一系列的无人和载人飞行的发射,来验证中国宇航员在近地轨道飞行并能安全的返回地球。在轨道上,宇航员将进行地球观测和空间试验。第二阶段的太空行走,将进行进入指定地点和返回空间站的试验。一个空间实验室将被送入轨道,但仅是短期的有人操作,而在每次人员访问的间隔期间采用自动操纵模式。这很明显是在汉诺威博览会上展示的921-2空间站模型的简易版。第三阶段将包括发射更大的空间实验室。这将是永久性的有人操纵的并且是中国第一个真正意义上的空间站。


2002三月,官方宣布永久空间站的发射质量为20吨,由长征5系列火箭发射。在那一年的晚些时候,有迹象表明这20吨的空间站的发射工作不会早于2010年,很有可能在15年之后。

在2002年12月,有报道透露用于空间站上的一个机械臂已经开始建造。一个代表此种机械臂第5代原型的20%比例的模型由北京控制工程502研究所做出。
以下是引用虾米在2003-4-28 17:37:20的发言:
三院兄,Russian APAS-style universal docking collar 是否为空间实验室的什么东西?该如何翻译之???


俄罗斯APAS式通用接轨环?
估计是用于空间站和宇宙飞船接轨的东东。
Overall length of the relatively modest station would be about 20 m, with a total mass of under 40 tonnes. However the large number of unused docking ports indicated substantial room for expansion.
这个相对不大的空间站总长度大约20米,总质量低于40吨。但是大量未用的接轨舱门显示出潜在的扩充空间。
In February 2001 it was decided to proceed with the new 'CZ-5' series of rockets. These were to begin flying in 2008, and would make possible the reinstatement of plans for a larger 20 tonne station module of up to 5 m diameter.
在2001年2月,决定开发新的长征5系列火箭。 这些火箭将在2008年开始发射,并且可能恢复原有的计划,即更大的20吨空间站舱和最大直径到5米。
以下是引用schilling在2003-4-29 0:28:33的发言:
[quote]以下是引用虾米在2003-4-28 17:37:20的发言:
  三院兄,Russian APAS-style universal docking collar 是否为空间实验室的什么东西?该如何翻译之???


俄罗斯APAS式通用接轨环?
估计是用于空间站和宇宙飞船接轨的东东。
[/quote]

我也是不知道该怎么翻译! [em02]
以下部分为 听剑客 在 4.29 凌晨翻译
In February 2001 it was decided to proceed with the new 'CZ-5' series of rockets. These were to begin flying in 2008, and would make possible the reinstatement of plans for a larger 20 tonne station module of up to 5 m diameter.

不需要太多的时间啊....
2001年二月,决定使用长征-5系列的火箭作为发射载具。(长征-5)计划在2008年开始使用,并且使恢复执行重达20吨直径达五米的太空站计划成为可能。