贴个过时的东西， 毛子的离子发动机， 佛曰标题要长！！ ...

三大研究机构在搞这个东西。

下面是其中一个的一篇总结文章

Keldysh Research Center.

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Plasma generators: the development, application.

Andrey Golikov, head of sector, Ph. D..
Yuri Kochetkov, Head Office, Dr. Sc.
Yuri Svirchuk, leading researcher, Dr. Sc.
Vladimir Fedotov, a leading engineer.

- The first plasma torches, designed for the study of gas-dynamic pa-ters, the parameters of heat and mass transfer mechanisms of destruction-metal composite materials and structures have been developed in the 60 th-dah the last century in the USSR and the United States and received a fairly widespread dissemination of a rocket and space industry.
The principle of the plasma quite simple: because the electric arc has a very high temperature, reaching tens of thousands of degrees, then the interaction of the arc with the working gas is its intense heat.
For electrical arc can be used as a constant, and re-menny current. Currently, the vast majority of plasma torches working at constant current. This situation is due to the factor that the arc of DC, in principle, burning more stable compared with the arc AC. Actuality, the current flowing through the arc AC doubled between passes through zero. In other words, we can assume that the arc is extinguished and the periodic ignition reaches again. Therefore, for sustainable arc AC is necessary to ensure the conditions for its re-ignition after the transfer of current through zero. The most common way to ensure sustainable arc re-vision is the inclusion of the current series with the arc of the inductor.
At the same time, the idea of the arc power in alternating current plasma torch looks very attractive for the following reasons:
• DC power supply are usually rectifying mouth-total employment, equipped with special electronic controls that ensure stable arcing. For plasmatrons megawatt and multiplets timegavattnogo levels of such devices become very complex and most important, expensive facilities, which cost far exceeds the cost of plasma torches themselves. Plasma torches the AC power does not require any special devices, they are connected to the industrial trehfaz-tion network through the inductor. Switchgear these networks is simple and reliable, but their capacity is virtually unlimited.
• It is known that in plasmatorches DC resource cathode normally to a few times lower than the resource anode. In plasmatorches AC cathode and anode are reversed with the mains frequency (50Hz), so that ceteris paribus the electrodes of the plasma generator of alternating current is approximately two times higher than the pro-mote the electrodes of direct current plasma torch.
Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research Center. MV Keldysh develops and manufacture of tavlivaet plasma torches such as "Star". These plasma torches are made of modular-th principle and in fact consist of three separate odnodugovyh plasmatron, combining the common mixing chamber with an exit nozzle, a clear demonstration of such a picture-riruet torch power 1MW. Each plasma diet etsya from one phase of three-phase network. Same conditions of combustion of each arc shall provide the uniform loading of the three-phase network. The main characteristic singularities plasmatrons type "Star" is the fact that all three arcs are closed to each other in the center of the mixing chamber of a star schema, forming a plasma at zero -
vuyu point. Thus, in this three-arc plasma torch burning, but it contains only three electrodes instead of six.
All nodes in the plasma cooled by water.
Further development of plasma torches of this type of scheme is "shestiluche-Wai's star. This plasma consists of six single-phase plazmotro-new, united by a common mixing chamber, inside which all six arcs of-roam between them. The advantage of this scheme is that with identical power-Scientifical the current in each arc of six-rayed torch half compared with the three-beam scheme.
The main advantages of plasma torches such as "Star" the following:
• Homogeneous distribution of temperature and pressure at the exit of co-plas.
• Symmetrical loading three-phase network.
• Modular design allows you to increase the capacity of the plasma due to an increase in the number of modules.
In the process of creating and testing of plasma torches "Star" had been resolved a number of the issues, ensuring their stable operation in a wide range of output parameters.
1) was studied problem of the rotation of the near-electrode area of the arc (legs do-gi) under the action of the magnetic field coils. It is shown that the electromagnetic force, which arises in the interaction of a constant magnetic field coil with the change-nym current arc, each half-arc changes its sign. At the same time changing the direction of rotation of leg-tion of the arc. In those half-periods, when the foot of the arc and the gas vortex rotation them wants in different directions, acting on the leg of aerodynamic force increases and slows down its rotation until it stops. Such reciprocal interactions may lead to weakening and deterioration of the gas vortex stabilization of the arc on the axis.
2) to investigate gas-dynamic flow structure inside the mixing chamber and a nozzle exit. It is shown that the motion in the neighboring electrodes of air flow, rotating in opposite directions, the total motion zhenie in the mixing chamber is formed in a pair of vortices and is stable. In the same direction of rotation there is an intense mixing regime-tion flows, which in some cases leads to the disruption of the arc.
The organization of stable flow in the mixing chamber is formed Sustained output stream. At the same time during the experiment show a clear steady-state system shocks.

Figure 1. The plasma torch 1 MW
Figure 2. Plasma torch power of 20 MW

Fig. 1 and 2 shows photographs of plasmatrons 1 MW and 20 MW respectively.
In the table to illustrate are some values of parameters in the theory indicates the range of characteristics of plasma torches such as "Star" Keldysh Research Center.

The organization of stable flow in the mixing chamber is formed Sustained output stream. At the same time during the experiment show a clear steady-state system shocks.

Figure 1. The plasma torch 1 MW
Figure 2. Plasma torch power of 20 MW

Fig. 1 and 2 shows photographs of plasmatrons 1 MW and 20 MW respectively.
In the table to illustrate are some values of parameters in the theory indicates the range of characteristics of plasma torches such as "Star" Keldysh Research Center.

很好的技术~~

yuhui_bear 发表于 2010-3-3 21:38


    比冲单位不对。

会楼上的， 我也困惑，自以为外行，不解，原来真错了。
抄超的的是一本以前的老书。