昔日红色帝国的“暴风雪”-超级军网

1988年11月15日，前苏联的暴风雪号航天飞机从拜科努尔航天中心首次发射升空，47分钟后进入距地面 250公里的圆形轨道。它绕地球飞行两圈，在太空遨游三小时后，按预定计划于 9时25分安全返航，准确降落在离发射点12公里外的混凝土跑道上，完成了一次无人驾驶的试验飞行。
 暴风雪号航天飞机大小与普通大型客机相差无几，外形同美国航天飞机相仿，机翼呈三角形。机长36米、高16米，翼展24米，机身直径5.6米，起飞重量105吨，返回后着陆重量为82吨。它有一个长18.3米、直径 4.7米的大型货舱，能把30吨货物送上近地轨道，将20吨货物运回地面。头部有一容积70立方米的乘员座舱，可乘10人，设计飞行寿命100次。
 科学家们认为，这次完全靠地面控制中心遥控机上电脑系统，在无人驾驶的条件下自动返航并准确降落在狭长跑道上，其难度要比1981年美国航天飞机有人驾驶试飞大得多。首先，暴风雪号的主发动机不是装在航天飞机尾部，而是装在能源号火箭上。这样就大大减轻了航天飞机的入轨重量，同时腾出位置安装小型机动飞行发动机和减速制动伞。其次，暴风雪号着陆时，可用尾部的小型发动机做有动力的机动飞行，安全准确地降落在狭长跑道上，万一着陆姿态不佳，还可以将航天飞机升起来进行第二次着陆，从而提高了可靠性。而美国航天飞机靠无动力滑翔着陆只能一次成功。第三，暴风雪号能像普通飞机那样借助副翼、操纵舵和空气制动器来控制在大气层内滑行，还准备有减速制动伞，在降落滑跑过程中当速度减慢到 50公里/小时时自动弹出，使航天飞机在较短距离内停下来。暴风雪号首航成功，按计划应很快开始载人飞行，但由于政治、经济等方面的原因，该计划现已基本停止了。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-1-7 22:50:10编辑过]

1988年11月15日，前苏联的暴风雪号航天飞机从拜科努尔航天中心首次发射升空，47分钟后进入距地面 250公里的圆形轨道。它绕地球飞行两圈，在太空遨游三小时后，按预定计划于 9时25分安全返航，准确降落在离发射点12公里外的混凝土跑道上，完成了一次无人驾驶的试验飞行。
 暴风雪号航天飞机大小与普通大型客机相差无几，外形同美国航天飞机相仿，机翼呈三角形。机长36米、高16米，翼展24米，机身直径5.6米，起飞重量105吨，返回后着陆重量为82吨。它有一个长18.3米、直径 4.7米的大型货舱，能把30吨货物送上近地轨道，将20吨货物运回地面。头部有一容积70立方米的乘员座舱，可乘10人，设计飞行寿命100次。
 科学家们认为，这次完全靠地面控制中心遥控机上电脑系统，在无人驾驶的条件下自动返航并准确降落在狭长跑道上，其难度要比1981年美国航天飞机有人驾驶试飞大得多。首先，暴风雪号的主发动机不是装在航天飞机尾部，而是装在能源号火箭上。这样就大大减轻了航天飞机的入轨重量，同时腾出位置安装小型机动飞行发动机和减速制动伞。其次，暴风雪号着陆时，可用尾部的小型发动机做有动力的机动飞行，安全准确地降落在狭长跑道上，万一着陆姿态不佳，还可以将航天飞机升起来进行第二次着陆，从而提高了可靠性。而美国航天飞机靠无动力滑翔着陆只能一次成功。第三，暴风雪号能像普通飞机那样借助副翼、操纵舵和空气制动器来控制在大气层内滑行，还准备有减速制动伞，在降落滑跑过程中当速度减慢到 50公里/小时时自动弹出，使航天飞机在较短距离内停下来。暴风雪号首航成功，按计划应很快开始载人飞行，但由于政治、经济等方面的原因，该计划现已基本停止了。
 
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-1-7 22:50:10编辑过]

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