【求教】关于美国M107自走炮

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小弟最近无聊,发现一款比较奇怪的自走炮——M107,搞不明白其用途,网上资料也很有限,所以来此求教,先上一段翻译

==概况==
M107和M110研制的目的是为了提供一种可以空运的野战支援火力,同时能够压制华约国家的炮兵,M107偏向于直射火力点名,M110偏向于火力压制。也就是说,M107给我的感觉是,北约在华约的突击方式面前抓狂,利用一切可利用的资源生产自行反坦克炮和榴弹炮,以抵挡华约在地面突击方面的冲击力。

当然M107给我的第一印象是怪异,非常怪异的武器,加农炮的特性,弹道低平,初速高,同时又具有很大的仰角,实现30km+的射程。极高的射速和30°的水平射角说明此炮可以用作近距离反坦克,同时又能够发射174磅的高爆榴弹(M110发射200磅的高爆榴弹)。175mm的口径更加让人感到不解。使我对于次炮有很多疑问。

为了安装更重的E2型火炮,军方对M110E2系列底盘做了改进——扩大容积和改良行走机构。175毫米火炮的主要攻击目标是敌方的指挥、控制和通信(C3;Command, Control and Communication )中心,以及补给列车。它的21英里(34公里)的射程超越了同一时期所有的苏制火炮。M107在操作上与M110不同,后者的有效射程只有前者的1/2(在使用火箭增程炮弹(RAP)情况下达到),因为M110与M107有着不同的目的,M110能够发射核弹,所以其人员必须遵守不同的安全操作规范——乘员安全操作核武器程序和接受核武器装配训练。M107是美国最后一种高初速的长射程自行加农炮。M110则是一种榴弹炮(低初速、弹道弯曲、射程近)。随着苏联的解体,战术发生变化(潮水般的重型坦克冲锋和重炮轰击的时代已经落幕),美国所面对的是不再是全面战争,而是高强度的局部游击战争,这两种武器显然不合时宜,均已被新型155mm榴弹炮取代,如M109。

==更换炮管==
将175mm(长管)更换为203mm(短管)的火炮炮管的工作,必须在比野战维修更高一级的地方进行,应为不仅仅要更换炮管,同时也要升级底盘。简单的炮管更换工作用行车在营一级进行。一般,炮管在军需补给站进行,或是补给站级的维修单位:安尼斯顿、皮卡特尼、 Miesau。M578型轻型回收车辆仅仅用于吊装动力组建(发动机),或是把车体拖往维修点。这种工作每个月都要干一次,以清洗发动机中的和被两块铝制波浪钢板保护的变速箱隔藏中的垃圾。在更换炮管的过程中,为了避免损坏炮上的铜制滑槽,必须使用2部起重机同时起吊炮的头和尾,此工作非一辆M578可以胜任。将175mm口径炮管更换为203mm口径炮管的工作,通常由军械连完成,使用两部行车和需要改为E2系列的底盘。

==底盘==
M107和M110的底盘为同一系列——每侧5个负重轮,通过惰臂与扭杆相连,主动轮在前,由一台450hp的2冲程的带有涡轮增压器和机械增压器的柴油机驱动。涡轮增压器通过一根钢制空心轴与机械增压器相连。驾驶员位于车体的左前部,其右侧是变速箱。炮塔的旋转由液压泵驱动,液压泵的动力来自引擎,当然,也可通过摇柄手动旋转。有的时候在第一次射击以后,液压泵会因为之前不正确的使用液压驻锄而损坏。手动装置的主要作用是用来在战斗中操作火炮,因为,液压泵的主要工作是实现火炮的复进,装填炮弹和发射药,控制车尾的驻锄。火炮的方位由炮手负责,仰俯由副炮手负责。

==操炮==
在演习中,M107自行火炮,作为第7集团军的支援火力,部署在第一线,狙击敌方纵深重要目标。火炮只携带2个基数的弹药,和13人中的5名乘员——车长、驾驶员、炮长、炮手、一等兵(装填手,按照命令装填)。开火后转移,以免受到报复性火力打击。至于剩下的弹药和乘员,待在基于M113底盘的M548弹药输送车上,在安全的地方对M107和M110进行弹药补给。M107及M110的底盘与广泛使用的M578工程车相同。早期的炮管寿命是300发3号全装药射击,后期,其寿命延续至700-1200发之间。通过维修连在公差范围内扩大炮管内径实现。

==战斗历程==
M107自行火炮参加了越战,在越南,M107长射程的优势被发挥的淋漓尽致,能够将147lb的弹丸投送到21英里以外的地方,摧毁敌后的指挥、控制、通讯、补给中心,之后,在敌方反应过来以前迅速撤离。

==表现==
M107的最高行驶可以达到50英里每小时(大约80公里每小时左右),此数据是在德国的格拉芬沃尔坦克训练场测得。这个速度比演习中加拿大装甲车和主战坦克的速度还要快。在实际使用中,得益于M107敞开式炮塔,与M109之流紧凑的装甲炮塔相比,炮手的活动更加自如,其175mm加农炮,在射速上和射程上能够压制装配120mm火炮的主战坦克,2个M107车组,在平射情况下,有能力在主战坦克进入有效射程之前,敲掉排成纵队的1个连的坦克。射击的瞄准点取坦克(领头的那辆)的前下方。采用指哪打哪的瞄准方式是因为M107是自行加农炮,而非榴弹炮。由于M107的175mm火炮初速高,即使近失靶标(报废坦克),也能够将其掀翻。考虑到训练场大小的原因(为训练普通主战坦克而设计),M107在训练中最多只能使用2号装药,结果就是靶标不是被炸翻就是被炸烂,射击训练不得不被训练场管理方叫停。

为了尽快使火炮投入战斗,车组的乘员必须技术熟练,配合默契。司机、炮长、车长间必须通过交流,实现粗调车体方向,的同时完成火炮的瞄准和射击参数的设定。

在阿以战争中以色列频繁使用M107自行火炮,当受到阿拉伯国家火箭弹在射程上的压制时,以色列在射程上对M107做了升级——发射由Gerald Bull's Space Research公司研制的全装药炮弹,可以精确轰击50km内的目标。

二十世纪七十年代,M107自行火炮退出美军现役,但仍然服役与世界各个国家,同时,很多M107自行火炮被改装成M110自行榴弹炮。小弟最近无聊,发现一款比较奇怪的自走炮——M107,搞不明白其用途,网上资料也很有限,所以来此求教,先上一段翻译

==概况==
M107和M110研制的目的是为了提供一种可以空运的野战支援火力,同时能够压制华约国家的炮兵,M107偏向于直射火力点名,M110偏向于火力压制。也就是说,M107给我的感觉是,北约在华约的突击方式面前抓狂,利用一切可利用的资源生产自行反坦克炮和榴弹炮,以抵挡华约在地面突击方面的冲击力。

当然M107给我的第一印象是怪异,非常怪异的武器,加农炮的特性,弹道低平,初速高,同时又具有很大的仰角,实现30km+的射程。极高的射速和30°的水平射角说明此炮可以用作近距离反坦克,同时又能够发射174磅的高爆榴弹(M110发射200磅的高爆榴弹)。175mm的口径更加让人感到不解。使我对于次炮有很多疑问。

为了安装更重的E2型火炮,军方对M110E2系列底盘做了改进——扩大容积和改良行走机构。175毫米火炮的主要攻击目标是敌方的指挥、控制和通信(C3;Command, Control and Communication )中心,以及补给列车。它的21英里(34公里)的射程超越了同一时期所有的苏制火炮。M107在操作上与M110不同,后者的有效射程只有前者的1/2(在使用火箭增程炮弹(RAP)情况下达到),因为M110与M107有着不同的目的,M110能够发射核弹,所以其人员必须遵守不同的安全操作规范——乘员安全操作核武器程序和接受核武器装配训练。M107是美国最后一种高初速的长射程自行加农炮。M110则是一种榴弹炮(低初速、弹道弯曲、射程近)。随着苏联的解体,战术发生变化(潮水般的重型坦克冲锋和重炮轰击的时代已经落幕),美国所面对的是不再是全面战争,而是高强度的局部游击战争,这两种武器显然不合时宜,均已被新型155mm榴弹炮取代,如M109。

==更换炮管==
将175mm(长管)更换为203mm(短管)的火炮炮管的工作,必须在比野战维修更高一级的地方进行,应为不仅仅要更换炮管,同时也要升级底盘。简单的炮管更换工作用行车在营一级进行。一般,炮管在军需补给站进行,或是补给站级的维修单位:安尼斯顿、皮卡特尼、 Miesau。M578型轻型回收车辆仅仅用于吊装动力组建(发动机),或是把车体拖往维修点。这种工作每个月都要干一次,以清洗发动机中的和被两块铝制波浪钢板保护的变速箱隔藏中的垃圾。在更换炮管的过程中,为了避免损坏炮上的铜制滑槽,必须使用2部起重机同时起吊炮的头和尾,此工作非一辆M578可以胜任。将175mm口径炮管更换为203mm口径炮管的工作,通常由军械连完成,使用两部行车和需要改为E2系列的底盘。

==底盘==
M107和M110的底盘为同一系列——每侧5个负重轮,通过惰臂与扭杆相连,主动轮在前,由一台450hp的2冲程的带有涡轮增压器和机械增压器的柴油机驱动。涡轮增压器通过一根钢制空心轴与机械增压器相连。驾驶员位于车体的左前部,其右侧是变速箱。炮塔的旋转由液压泵驱动,液压泵的动力来自引擎,当然,也可通过摇柄手动旋转。有的时候在第一次射击以后,液压泵会因为之前不正确的使用液压驻锄而损坏。手动装置的主要作用是用来在战斗中操作火炮,因为,液压泵的主要工作是实现火炮的复进,装填炮弹和发射药,控制车尾的驻锄。火炮的方位由炮手负责,仰俯由副炮手负责。

==操炮==
在演习中,M107自行火炮,作为第7集团军的支援火力,部署在第一线,狙击敌方纵深重要目标。火炮只携带2个基数的弹药,和13人中的5名乘员——车长、驾驶员、炮长、炮手、一等兵(装填手,按照命令装填)。开火后转移,以免受到报复性火力打击。至于剩下的弹药和乘员,待在基于M113底盘的M548弹药输送车上,在安全的地方对M107和M110进行弹药补给。M107及M110的底盘与广泛使用的M578工程车相同。早期的炮管寿命是300发3号全装药射击,后期,其寿命延续至700-1200发之间。通过维修连在公差范围内扩大炮管内径实现。

==战斗历程==
M107自行火炮参加了越战,在越南,M107长射程的优势被发挥的淋漓尽致,能够将147lb的弹丸投送到21英里以外的地方,摧毁敌后的指挥、控制、通讯、补给中心,之后,在敌方反应过来以前迅速撤离。

==表现==
M107的最高行驶可以达到50英里每小时(大约80公里每小时左右),此数据是在德国的格拉芬沃尔坦克训练场测得。这个速度比演习中加拿大装甲车和主战坦克的速度还要快。在实际使用中,得益于M107敞开式炮塔,与M109之流紧凑的装甲炮塔相比,炮手的活动更加自如,其175mm加农炮,在射速上和射程上能够压制装配120mm火炮的主战坦克,2个M107车组,在平射情况下,有能力在主战坦克进入有效射程之前,敲掉排成纵队的1个连的坦克。射击的瞄准点取坦克(领头的那辆)的前下方。采用指哪打哪的瞄准方式是因为M107是自行加农炮,而非榴弹炮。由于M107的175mm火炮初速高,即使近失靶标(报废坦克),也能够将其掀翻。考虑到训练场大小的原因(为训练普通主战坦克而设计),M107在训练中最多只能使用2号装药,结果就是靶标不是被炸翻就是被炸烂,射击训练不得不被训练场管理方叫停。

为了尽快使火炮投入战斗,车组的乘员必须技术熟练,配合默契。司机、炮长、车长间必须通过交流,实现粗调车体方向,的同时完成火炮的瞄准和射击参数的设定。

在阿以战争中以色列频繁使用M107自行火炮,当受到阿拉伯国家火箭弹在射程上的压制时,以色列在射程上对M107做了升级——发射由Gerald Bull's Space Research公司研制的全装药炮弹,可以精确轰击50km内的目标。

二十世纪七十年代,M107自行火炮退出美军现役,但仍然服役与世界各个国家,同时,很多M107自行火炮被改装成M110自行榴弹炮。
不觉得你的资料有错误么?弹丸的装药还分号?


xxx.jpg
这东西不伦不类的像是加农和榴弹炮的杂交,好吧我发原文,顺带帮我找找翻译中的错误,如果能够提供补充资料更好

原文地址http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M107_Self-Propelled_Gun


The '''M107 175 mm self-propelled gun''' was part of a family of self-propelled artillery that also included the [[M110 howitzer|M110]].
==General Characteristics==
The M110E2 chassis had a Depot Level upgraded chassis and drive train due to the heavier “tube” (E2 barrel). The 175 mm gun was used primarily to attack enemy Command, Control and Communication (C3) and Supply Trains, where its 21 mile performance outranged any common Soviet produced weapon. The M110 operated separately from the M107, with about half the effective range (even with Rocket Assisted Projectiles, RAP) but nuclear capable requiring different security, personnel in the Nuclear Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) and nuclear ammunition assembly training (N5). The M107 was the last Self Propelled “Gun” (high velocity, low trajectory, long range) in the U.S. Army inventory.  The M110 was a “Howitzer” (low velocity, high trajectory, short range).  Both weapons have since been replaced by 155 mm weapons like the [[M109 howitzer]], due to the fall of the Soviet Union and a change of Strategy, Tactics, (no more massive enemy tank and artillery units) and the types of conflicts/wars the United States faces (High Intensity, Guerrilla Warfare, requiring Artillery surgical strikes, not massive destruction)..

==Retube==
The retube from 175 mm to 8 inch (short tube or long tube) had to be done above the organizational (field) level of maintenance, since the chassis also had to be upgraded.  The lowest level of retube was done at the Battalion Maintenance using an overhead rail crane/winch.  Retube normally occurred at Ordnance Depot Support Units.  Or Depot Level, Anniston, Picatiny, Miesau.  The [[M578 Light Recovery Vehicle]] was only used to lift the “powerpack” (engine) or final drives (transmission) from the hull, this was done once a month to clean the rubbish from the engine and transmission compartment covered by two aluminum deck plates.  The barrels could not be replaced using a single M578 due to weight and the precise placement of the barrel (tube) into the cradle without damaging the barrel brass runners.You had to use two cranes  one either end of the tube.  The “retubing” from 175 mm to 8 inch was usually accomplished by the Supporting Ordnance Company and required an overhead electric rail winch and chassis modifications for the E2 Barrel.  The M578 used the same chassis and drive train components as the M107 and M110.

==Chassis==
Both the M107 and M110 are based on a common chassis, It features five road wheels on either side of the chassis with idler arms attached to torsion bars, with the track driven from the front by a 450 hp General Motors turbo supercharged diesel, the turbo charger being connected to the supercharger by a steel pencil size “quill” shaft.  The engine and transmission mounted in the front right with the driver to its left. The engine had an attached hydraulic pump that was used to traverse the turret with a manual backup hand crank.  The hydraulic pump was sometimes mistakenly used improperly to dig in the rear spade resulting in damage to the hydraulic spade cylinders after the first round is fired.  The manual backup was used to Lay the Gun since the hydraulic control was too course.  The primary purpose of the hydraulic pump was putting the barrel into battery, ramming ammunition and charges, raising or lowering the rear spade, rapid course deflection adjustment by the gunner, rapid course elevation adjustments by the assistant gunner.

==Operations==
The M107 was deployed during REFORGER Exercises as General Support to the 7th Corps to the front lines to hit way behind enemy lines. Only two rounds are carried with the gun tractor, along with five of the crew of thirteen.  Two rounds are fired by the onboard crew of five (Section Chief, Driver, Gunner, Assistant Gunner, Number One (loads primer, hooks up lanyard “pig tail”, pulls lanyard on command)) and the Gun Section moves to avoid counter battery fires and destruction, similar to Sniper Tactics.  The rest of the ammunition and crew followed in the M548 Ammunition Carrier based on the M113 chassis and reloads the M107 at a different location from where the Fire Mission occurred.  M107 and M110 use the same drive train components as the M578 Recovery Vehicle, and this vehicle has seen wide use in a variety of engineering roles. Early barrels were limited to 300 firings with the maximum Zone 3 propellant, but later examples extended this to between 700 and 1,200 firings with extensive bore scoping by the supporting Ordnance Company.

==Combat history==
The M107's combat experience with the US military was almost entirely limited to the Vietnam War. There it proved its effectiveness by having one of the longest ranges of any fielded mobile artillery piece in the Cold war, able to launch a 147 lb projectile out to 21 miles, at 0 deflection and 800 mil elevation. This range advantage, along with the ability to rapidly move from its last position, made it an effective weapon for destroying enemy Command, Control, and Communication and supply trains behind the enemy lines while evading counter-battery fire against even the longest-range Soviet counterparts.

==Performance==
The top speed on the speedometer recorded by one M107 driver was 50 mph at [[Grafenwöhr]] Training Area, Germany on a tank trail. {{Or|date=March 2009}}  During REFORGER our Battery outran Canadian Armor Units, MBTs (Main Battle Tanks). {{Fact|date=February 2009}} In practiced Direct Fire during REFORGER two M107 Gun Sections destroyed one Tank Platoon.  This is due to the faster reload time, since the M107 has a larger open working space and not the cramped closed space of a tank or M109.  In live Direct Fire at ranges exceeding the 120 mm Tank Guns the M107 could pick off a Tank Company in column formation and move before the Tanks could get within range.  The obsolete tanks used at the Grafenwöhr range as targets would get flipped by the near misses.  Practiced point of aim was below the front of the target (lead tank).  Point of Aim was Point of Impact due to the high velocity of a Gun instead of a Howitzer.  Due to the size of the Grafenwöhr Range (normally used for tank gunnery) we could only use a maximum of Zone 2, even with Zone 2, multiple target tanks would get flipped by near misses.  Our direct fire training was halted due to complaints of the Range Managers, their targets were either completely destroyed or had to be flipped  upright and repositioned, essentially closing the Range until this could be done.

Laying the gun involved skilled minute movements of the entire “piece” and not just traversing the turret.  The driver, gunner and Section Chief would communicate with each other, with the gunner using hand signals to the driver looking in the left rear view mirror to move the vehicle left or right by tapping on the steering bar.  And the other canoneers setting the collimeter and aiming stacks.

The large scale deployment of Lance Missile Batteries assumed the mission of the M107.

The M107 was also frequently used by [[Israel]] in the various [[Arab-Israeli conflict]]s. When these guns were outranged by rocket fire from [[Tyre, Lebanon|Tyre]], they were upgraded with the addition of Extended Range, Full Bore ammunition and new powder supplied by [[Gerald Bull]]'s [[Space Research Corp]], allowing operations over 50 km with increased accuracy.

The M107 was retired from the US Army in the late 1970s but it continues to see use in many armies around the world.

Many of the M107's were rebuilt into the M110A2 configuration.
别找我翻译,我英文不行
还找出一点错误,关于M107的用途,翻译好的说是担任直瞄射击。还说反坦克。也许用穿甲弹是可以击穿M60的,但是呢,用榴弹却不可能,也不可能炸毁它的装甲,具体原因呢,解释起来有点占篇幅,可以去这个群里52751138在群聊里提问题,我可以给你解释。


文中还有明显的错误,比如说可以在坦克的射程直射干掉一个排的坦克,我就想,一个没有坦克的火控系统,没炮塔,手摇驱动火炮,火炮还重怎么在坦克的射程外击中快速运动的坦克,明显是不可能击中的嘛。所以你的原来的英文资料可能就有错误的,应该不是翻译的问题
幺拐五加榴炮嘛,北约弹道协议出现前的产物.貌似是用海军的炮改的.这东西就是送死的,阻滞苏军坦克集群,能不能跑靠运气
本人小时候买的一本书上有介绍到。。。但是不是很详细。。。但本人对于所谓反坦克用的说法感觉很诡异。。。这炮带驻锄的。。。而且是全焊接铝结构。。。射速也不快。。。MS在有良好训练的情况下可以至少2发/分。。。火炮的俯仰和旋转有动力支持。。。紧急可手动。。。但是。。。反坦克???米锅吃饱了撑的???