ZT:关于希特勒的“下士”军衔问题。

关于此问题的详细论证，请参阅北京外国语大学外语教学与研究出版社主办的《德语学习》1999年第1期《历史疑案——希特勒是下士吗？》

文中介绍：解力夫的两部译作、郭伟强的译作、胡其鼎的著作、乃至《中国大百科全书》的军事卷和外国历史卷中都说希特勒是“下士”。在胡其鼎的著作中甚至于把希特勒说成是“奥地利下士”。

诚然，希特勒是出生在奥地利。从这个意义上讲，他是奥地利人。但他在奥地利期间是“逃避兵役者”。为此，他还受到奥地利当局的“追究”，后来希特勒拿出了所谓的“身体不适宜当兵”的证明才没有受到处罚。他是在德国参加的德国军队，并以德国军队的名义参加了第一次世界大战，因打仗勇敢曾获得了二级铁十字勋章。他怎么会是奥地利下士呢？

希特勒的军衔在德语中是Gefreite，仅仅高于普通的“列兵”，但仍属于“兵”的范畴。

在目前德国的军衔中，“兵”的军衔中除了“列兵”外，还有Gefreiter, Obergefreiter和Hauptgefreiter。Obergefreiter和Hauptgefreiter都高于Gefreiter。Gefreiter怎么能叫“下士”呢？这不过是许多年来的以讹传讹而已。

特发此帖，以期望这种以讹传讹的现象不要再继续下去了。

附英语Wikipedia中介绍“希特勒”的一段：
Hitler served in France and Belgium in the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment (called Regiment List after its first commander), ending the war as a Gefreiter (equivalent at the time to a lance corporal in the British and American armies). He was a runner, the most dangerous job on the Western Front, and was often exposed to enemy fire.[20] He participated in a number of major battles on the Western Front, including the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Arras and the Battle of Passchendaele.[21]

Hitler was twice decorated for bravery. He received the Iron Cross, Second Class, in 1914 and Iron Cross, First Class, in 1918, an honour rarely given to a Gefreiter.[22] However, because the regimental staff thought Hitler lacked leadership skills, he was never promoted to Unteroffizier (equivalent to a British corporal). Other historians say that the reason he was not promoted is that he was not a German citizen. His duties at regimental headquarters, while often dangerous, gave Hitler time to pursue his artwork. He drew cartoons and instructional drawings for an army newspaper. In 1916, he was wounded in the leg during the Battle of the Somme, but returned to the front in March 1917. He received the Wound Badge later that year. Sebastian Haffner, referring to Hitler's experience at the front, suggests he did have at least some understanding of the military.

懂英文的朋友可以阅读一下此段。这里讲得已经很清楚了。关于此问题的详细论证，请参阅北京外国语大学外语教学与研究出版社主办的《德语学习》1999年第1期《历史疑案——希特勒是下士吗？》

文中介绍：解力夫的两部译作、郭伟强的译作、胡其鼎的著作、乃至《中国大百科全书》的军事卷和外国历史卷中都说希特勒是“下士”。在胡其鼎的著作中甚至于把希特勒说成是“奥地利下士”。

诚然，希特勒是出生在奥地利。从这个意义上讲，他是奥地利人。但他在奥地利期间是“逃避兵役者”。为此，他还受到奥地利当局的“追究”，后来希特勒拿出了所谓的“身体不适宜当兵”的证明才没有受到处罚。他是在德国参加的德国军队，并以德国军队的名义参加了第一次世界大战，因打仗勇敢曾获得了二级铁十字勋章。他怎么会是奥地利下士呢？

希特勒的军衔在德语中是Gefreite，仅仅高于普通的“列兵”，但仍属于“兵”的范畴。

在目前德国的军衔中，“兵”的军衔中除了“列兵”外，还有Gefreiter, Obergefreiter和Hauptgefreiter。Obergefreiter和Hauptgefreiter都高于Gefreiter。Gefreiter怎么能叫“下士”呢？这不过是许多年来的以讹传讹而已。

特发此帖，以期望这种以讹传讹的现象不要再继续下去了。

附英语Wikipedia中介绍“希特勒”的一段：
Hitler served in France and Belgium in the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment (called Regiment List after its first commander), ending the war as a Gefreiter (equivalent at the time to a lance corporal in the British and American armies). He was a runner, the most dangerous job on the Western Front, and was often exposed to enemy fire.[20] He participated in a number of major battles on the Western Front, including the First Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Arras and the Battle of Passchendaele.[21]

Hitler was twice decorated for bravery. He received the Iron Cross, Second Class, in 1914 and Iron Cross, First Class, in 1918, an honour rarely given to a Gefreiter.[22] However, because the regimental staff thought Hitler lacked leadership skills, he was never promoted to Unteroffizier (equivalent to a British corporal). Other historians say that the reason he was not promoted is that he was not a German citizen. His duties at regimental headquarters, while often dangerous, gave Hitler time to pursue his artwork. He drew cartoons and instructional drawings for an army newspaper. In 1916, he was wounded in the leg during the Battle of the Somme, but returned to the front in March 1917. He received the Wound Badge later that year. Sebastian Haffner, referring to Hitler's experience at the front, suggests he did have at least some understanding of the military.

懂英文的朋友可以阅读一下此段。这里讲得已经很清楚了。