超级军网关于本版中的山洞中发光虫子的科普说明
来源：百度文库 编辑：超级军网 时间：2024/04/20 03:55:44
只是简单地给大家介绍一下
蕈（xun 四声）蚊
小蕈蚊成虫淡褐色，体长4.5～6毫米，触角丝状，16节；足的基节长而扁，胫节端有一对距，腹部9节。
蕈蚊
别
Mycetophilidae科，
幼虫
灰白色，长筒形，老熟幼虫10～13毫米长，头部骨化为黄色，眼及口器周围黑色；共12节。
为害作物：食用菌
幼虫均有群居性，为害菌丝，并蛀食子实体。有趋光性。大蕈蚊还常将子实体的菌褶吃成缺刻，被害菇体易萎缩死亡或腐烂；其对菌丝的为害，多在培养料表面咬食菌丝、菌膜，不深钻料面。较喜阴湿。小蕈蚊除具上述特性外，还吐丝拉网，将菇蕾罩住，幼虫在网内为害，被其丝网罩住的菇停止生长，渐干黄而死亡
不过发光的这个蕈蚊幼虫· （A. luminosa的幼虫）不是吃菇的，而是肉食的
没法搜集的太专业 简单普及一下吧
产自新西兰及澳大利亚的发光蕈蚊(Arachnocampa Iuminosa)，其幼虫会产生照亮洞穴的幽光
只是简单地给大家介绍一下
蕈（xun 四声）蚊
小蕈蚊成虫淡褐色，体长4.5～6毫米，触角丝状，16节；足的基节长而扁，胫节端有一对距，腹部9节。
蕈蚊
别
Mycetophilidae科，
幼虫
灰白色，长筒形，老熟幼虫10～13毫米长，头部骨化为黄色，眼及口器周围黑色；共12节。
为害作物：食用菌
幼虫均有群居性，为害菌丝，并蛀食子实体。有趋光性。大蕈蚊还常将子实体的菌褶吃成缺刻，被害菇体易萎缩死亡或腐烂；其对菌丝的为害，多在培养料表面咬食菌丝、菌膜，不深钻料面。较喜阴湿。小蕈蚊除具上述特性外，还吐丝拉网，将菇蕾罩住，幼虫在网内为害，被其丝网罩住的菇停止生长，渐干黄而死亡
不过发光的这个蕈蚊幼虫· （A. luminosa的幼虫）不是吃菇的，而是肉食的
没法搜集的太专业 简单普及一下吧
产自新西兰及澳大利亚的发光蕈蚊(Arachnocampa Iuminosa)，其幼虫会产生照亮洞穴的幽光
应该是度来的吧，百度上来的昆虫学知识其实误差挺大的，本身昆虫学又是个变化更新非常迅速的学科
比如这一段里就出现了好几个错误，蚊科是属于双翅目的Culicomorpha下目的而蕈蚊不属于蚊科而是属于Mycetophilidae科，跟Arachnocampa属同属Bibionomorpha下目眼蕈蚊总科（Sciaroidea）
而且A. luminosa的幼虫不是吃菇的，而是肉食的
比如这一段里就出现了好几个错误，蚊科是属于双翅目的Culicomorpha下目的而蕈蚊不属于蚊科而是属于Mycetophilidae科，跟Arachnocampa属同属Bibionomorpha下目眼蕈蚊总科（Sciaroidea）
而且A. luminosa的幼虫不是吃菇的，而是肉食的
EVA16 发表于 2016-6-7 18:13
应该是度来的吧，百度上来的昆虫学知识其实误差挺大的，本身昆虫学又是个变化更新非常迅速的学科
比如这一 ...
修改之
应该是度来的吧，百度上来的昆虫学知识其实误差挺大的，本身昆虫学又是个变化更新非常迅速的学科
比如这一 ...
修改之
Arachnocampa 现有五个物种。新西兰一种：A.luminosa 分布在南北两岛。澳大利亚四种：A.richardsae 发现于新南威尔士；A.tasmaniensis 发现于塔斯马尼亚岛；A.flava 发现于昆士兰；A.buffaloensis 发现于维多利亚州水牛山（Mount Buffalo）
英文介绍，水平不好不敢乱译
Arachnocampa species have holometabolous metamorphosis with eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Individuals spend most of their lives as larvae.
These flies live from about 6 through 12 months as larvae, depending on food availability. A larva is only about 3-5 mm long when it emerges from its egg, and can grow up to about 3 cm long.
The larva spins a nest out of silk on the ceiling of the cave and then hangs down as many as 70 threads of silk (called snares) from around the nest, each up to 30 or 40 cm long and holding droplets of mucus. The larvae can only live in a place out of the wind, to stop their lines being tangled, hence caves, overhangs or deep rainforest. In some species, the droplets of mucus on the silk threads are poisonous, enhancing the trap's ability to subdue prey quickly.
A larva's glow attracts prey into its threads. The roof of a cave covered with larva can look remarkably like a blue starry sky at night. A hungry larva glows brighter than one that has just eaten.Prey include midges, mayflies, caddisflies, mosquitos, moths, and even small snails or millipedes. When a prey is caught by a snare, its larva pulls it up (at up to about 2 mm a second) and feeds on the prey. When Arachnocampa prey are scarce, larvae may show cannibalism, eating other larvae, pupae or adult flies.
The glow is the result of a chemical reaction that involves luciferin, the substrate; luciferase, the enzyme that acts upon luciferin; adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule; and oxygen. It occurs in modified excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules in the abdomen.
The body of the larva is soft while the head capsule is hard. When it outgrows the head capsule it moults, shedding its skin. This happens four times throughout its life.
At the end of the larva stage, it becomes a pupa, hanging down from the roof of the cave. The pupa stage lasts about 1 or 2 weeks and it glows intermittently. The male stops glowing a few days before emerging, the female's glow increases. The glow from the female is believed to be to attract a mate, and males may be waiting there when she emerges.
The adults of both sexes cannot feed and live only a short time. They glow, but only intermittently. Their sole purpose is to mate, and for the female to lay eggs. Adult insects are poor fliers and so will often remain in the same area, building a colony of glowworms. The female lays a total of about 130 eggs, in clumps of 40 or 50, and dies soon after laying. The eggs hatch after about 20 days and the cycle repeats.
The larvae are sensitive to light and disturbance and will retreat into their nests and stop glowing if they or their snares are touched. Generally they have few predators. Their greatest danger is from human interference.
英文介绍，水平不好不敢乱译
Arachnocampa species have holometabolous metamorphosis with eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Individuals spend most of their lives as larvae.
These flies live from about 6 through 12 months as larvae, depending on food availability. A larva is only about 3-5 mm long when it emerges from its egg, and can grow up to about 3 cm long.
The larva spins a nest out of silk on the ceiling of the cave and then hangs down as many as 70 threads of silk (called snares) from around the nest, each up to 30 or 40 cm long and holding droplets of mucus. The larvae can only live in a place out of the wind, to stop their lines being tangled, hence caves, overhangs or deep rainforest. In some species, the droplets of mucus on the silk threads are poisonous, enhancing the trap's ability to subdue prey quickly.
A larva's glow attracts prey into its threads. The roof of a cave covered with larva can look remarkably like a blue starry sky at night. A hungry larva glows brighter than one that has just eaten.Prey include midges, mayflies, caddisflies, mosquitos, moths, and even small snails or millipedes. When a prey is caught by a snare, its larva pulls it up (at up to about 2 mm a second) and feeds on the prey. When Arachnocampa prey are scarce, larvae may show cannibalism, eating other larvae, pupae or adult flies.
The glow is the result of a chemical reaction that involves luciferin, the substrate; luciferase, the enzyme that acts upon luciferin; adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule; and oxygen. It occurs in modified excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules in the abdomen.
The body of the larva is soft while the head capsule is hard. When it outgrows the head capsule it moults, shedding its skin. This happens four times throughout its life.
At the end of the larva stage, it becomes a pupa, hanging down from the roof of the cave. The pupa stage lasts about 1 or 2 weeks and it glows intermittently. The male stops glowing a few days before emerging, the female's glow increases. The glow from the female is believed to be to attract a mate, and males may be waiting there when she emerges.
The adults of both sexes cannot feed and live only a short time. They glow, but only intermittently. Their sole purpose is to mate, and for the female to lay eggs. Adult insects are poor fliers and so will often remain in the same area, building a colony of glowworms. The female lays a total of about 130 eggs, in clumps of 40 or 50, and dies soon after laying. The eggs hatch after about 20 days and the cycle repeats.
The larvae are sensitive to light and disturbance and will retreat into their nests and stop glowing if they or their snares are touched. Generally they have few predators. Their greatest danger is from human interference.
EVA16 发表于 2016-6-7 18:34
Arachnocampa 现有五个物种。新西兰一种：A.luminosa 分布在南北两岛。澳大利亚四种：A.richardsae 发现于 ...
非常感谢对本帖内容的补充啊 ！
Arachnocampa 现有五个物种。新西兰一种：A.luminosa 分布在南北两岛。澳大利亚四种：A.richardsae 发现于 ...
非常感谢对本帖内容的补充啊 ！
我只能度了一下 ，没办法精密 只能编辑一下
大家就当做一个内容了解吧 度的翻译不精确 没办法
实在没法编辑的地方只能概略了
******************************************
arachnocampa物种 有完全变态的幼虫（？）、蛹、卵，成虫。大部分的生命期为幼虫。
约6至12个月为幼虫，取决于食物。幼虫只有3-5毫米长的当它从卵中孵化时，可以长到约3厘米长。
幼虫吐丝作巢，然后垂丝多达70根（称为陷阱），每根30或40厘米长，沾满粘液。幼虫只能生活在一个地方，如洞穴和雨林。在一些物种中，粘液的丝线的水滴是有毒的，提高陷阱迅速制服猎物能力。
幼虫的发光吸引猎物进入它的陷阱。一个覆盖着幼虫的洞穴的屋顶可以像一个蓝色的星空，在夜间看起来非常像。幼虫猎物包括摇蚊、蜉蝣、石蛾、蚊子、飞蛾，甚至小蜗牛或千足虫。当一个猎物被捕获在陷阱中，幼虫拉它上来（最多约2毫米每秒）。当猎物稀少，arachnocampa幼虫会自相残杀，吃其他的幼虫、蛹或成虫。
发光是一种化学反应，包括荧光素，荧光素酶，酶作用于荧光素；三磷酸腺苷的能量和氧分子。它发生腹部的排泄器官称为马氏管。
幼虫的身体是软的，而头囊是硬的。头囊会蜕皮。
在幼虫阶段结束时，它变成蛹，从顶上垂下来。蛹期大约持续1周或2周，它会间歇性地。雄性在出现前几天停止发光，雌性的发光增加。雌性的发光被认为是吸引配偶，而雄性会在那里等待她的出现。
它们发光，是断断续续地。他们唯一的目的是交配，并让雌性产卵。成虫往往会可怜的保持在同一地区，建立一个萤火虫的地盘。雌产卵约130粒，不久后死亡。卵孵化后约20天，循环重复。
幼虫对光和干扰敏感且会撤退到他们的巢穴和停止发光。一般来说，他们很少有天敌。他们最大的危险来自于人为干扰
我只能度了一下 ，没办法精密 只能编辑一下
大家就当做一个内容了解吧 度的翻译不精确 没办法
实在没法编辑的地方只能概略了
******************************************
arachnocampa物种 有完全变态的幼虫（？）、蛹、卵，成虫。大部分的生命期为幼虫。
约6至12个月为幼虫，取决于食物。幼虫只有3-5毫米长的当它从卵中孵化时，可以长到约3厘米长。
幼虫吐丝作巢，然后垂丝多达70根（称为陷阱），每根30或40厘米长，沾满粘液。幼虫只能生活在一个地方，如洞穴和雨林。在一些物种中，粘液的丝线的水滴是有毒的，提高陷阱迅速制服猎物能力。
幼虫的发光吸引猎物进入它的陷阱。一个覆盖着幼虫的洞穴的屋顶可以像一个蓝色的星空，在夜间看起来非常像。幼虫猎物包括摇蚊、蜉蝣、石蛾、蚊子、飞蛾，甚至小蜗牛或千足虫。当一个猎物被捕获在陷阱中，幼虫拉它上来（最多约2毫米每秒）。当猎物稀少，arachnocampa幼虫会自相残杀，吃其他的幼虫、蛹或成虫。
发光是一种化学反应，包括荧光素，荧光素酶，酶作用于荧光素；三磷酸腺苷的能量和氧分子。它发生腹部的排泄器官称为马氏管。
幼虫的身体是软的，而头囊是硬的。头囊会蜕皮。
在幼虫阶段结束时，它变成蛹，从顶上垂下来。蛹期大约持续1周或2周，它会间歇性地。雄性在出现前几天停止发光，雌性的发光增加。雌性的发光被认为是吸引配偶，而雄性会在那里等待她的出现。
它们发光，是断断续续地。他们唯一的目的是交配，并让雌性产卵。成虫往往会可怜的保持在同一地区，建立一个萤火虫的地盘。雌产卵约130粒，不久后死亡。卵孵化后约20天，循环重复。
幼虫对光和干扰敏感且会撤退到他们的巢穴和停止发光。一般来说，他们很少有天敌。他们最大的危险来自于人为干扰
bjnr 发表于 2016-6-7 18:51
我只能度了一下 ，没办法精密 只能编辑一下
大家就当做一个内容了解吧 度的翻译不精确 没办法
噫，听人说度娘翻译甚屌，没想到真挺屌啊
我只能度了一下 ，没办法精密 只能编辑一下
大家就当做一个内容了解吧 度的翻译不精确 没办法
噫，听人说度娘翻译甚屌，没想到真挺屌啊
EVA16 发表于 2016-6-7 19:00
噫，听人说度娘翻译甚屌，没想到真挺屌啊
哈哈哈哈
噫，听人说度娘翻译甚屌，没想到真挺屌啊
哈哈哈哈
还以为某种游戏地图……